The grain yields and nitrogen use efficiencies of 29 varieties were studied. The results indicated that there were huge differences on grain yields among the tested varieties. Based on the Cluster analysis of the grain yields from deficient-N condition, the tested varieties were classified into three categories, including high-N efficiency group, mid-N efficiency group and low-N efficiency group. The high-N efficiency group contained few tested varieties. Under deficient-N condition, there were little differences on total nitrogen content of plant at maturity stage among the tested wheat varieties. The nitrogen concentration of plant, biomass, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen uptake efficiency (UPE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency (UTE) were all the highest in varieties with high-N efficiency, then next in varieties with middle-N efficiency, and the lowest in varieties with low-N efficiency. The high efficiency of nitrogen in wheat under nitrogen stress condition comes from the higher acquisition capacity, assimilation and metabolic capacity.