To find out the differences of the main agronomic characteristics between wild rice populations in-situ and ex-situ conserved in Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province, the comparative analysis was done on several characteristics using wild rices in AnJiaShan in-situ and ex-situ conservation. The results indicated there were some variations on total grains per panicle, full grains per panicle and seeds setting rate etc. The total grains per panicle of ex-situ conservation was 58.28, more than in-situ conservation wild rice. However, its number of full grains per panicle was 9. 89, less than in-situ population, while its seeds setting rate was reduced 45.43%. The field survey results showed the environment of ex-situ conservation was not suitable for the growth of Dongxiang wild rice, meaning that the ex-situ conservation nursery of Dongxiang wild rice must be re-built in the area where the environment is similar to the original habitat.