In order to know the genetic diversity of wheat landraces in Xinjiang wheat production area and provide basic materials for improving wheat quality, subunits composition of high molecular weight gluten with a total of 236 wheat landraces were analyzed by means of SDS-PAGE. The result indicated that there were 19 alleles on Glu-1 loci, including 3 alleles on Glu-A1 loci, 7 alleles on Glu-B1 loci, 9 alleles on Glu-D1 loci; And null, 7+8,2+12 subunits occurred with highest frequency on each of loci, reaching 91.95％，85.17％，80.93% respectively. There are 21 types of subunit compositions and predominant was null/7+8/2+12 with a frequency of 70.34%. Materials conferred with elite subunits of 1, 2*，13+16, 14+15, 5+10，1.5+10, 17+18 were selected and could be a source of desirable genes. Meanwhile , Gliadin of 65 wheat landraces in Xinjiang wheat production area were analyzed by A-PAGE. It was shown that 64 different spectral gliadin bands were isolated from the materials; the bands including 17 bands in ω region, 16 in β and γ regions and 15 in α region, and their frequencies ranged within 1.54%~93.85%. Genetic diversity index(H′ ) of α, β, γ and ω regions were 0.498,0.386,0.523,0.348, respectively. High genetic diversity of storage proteins in wheat landraces of Xinjiang wheat production area was observed.