为充分发掘抗缩果病枣种质资源,对保存于河北沧县(2006年~2009年,77个品种)及山西太原(2006年~2007年,53个品种)和山西太谷(2006年,231个品种)的共268个枣品种资源进行了田间缩果病抗性调查。结果表明,枣品种间缩果病抗性差异显著,其中病果率变幅为0%~66.18%、变异系数为2.01,病情指数变幅为0%~55.06%、变异系数为2.46;同一品种的发病程度因年份和地点不同而有明显差异。根据在发病严重的沧县枣资源圃连续4年(2006~2009)的观测结果,枣品种的缩果病抗性可分为高抗、抗病、中抗、感病和高感5类,相应的平均缩果率分别为5%以下、5%~10%、10%~15%、15%~25%和25%以上;在沧县的77个品种中,表现高抗、抗病、中抗、感病、高感的品种分别占调查总数的80.52%,2.60%,7.79%,6.49%和2.60%。在我国主栽枣树品种中,金丝小枣、圆铃枣、长红、冬枣等为高抗品种,婆枣、壶瓶枣为高感品种。本研究表明,我国有着非常丰富的抗缩果病枣树种质资源。
Two hundred and sixty eight kinds of jujube germplasm growing in Cangxian County, Taiyuan City and Taigu County were employed to evaluate resistance to fruit shrink disease(FSD) in field trials during fruit white-ripening stage (early September). There are significantly differences both in percentage of diseased fruit (PDF) with the large range of 0%~66.18% and disease index (DI) with the large range of 0%~55.06% among cultivars. The severity of FSD varied with the year evaluated and the different positions such as Taigu, Canxian and Taiyuan. The resistance to FSD of cultivars might be divided into five groups, which is based on the average of DI over the year of 2006 and 2009 in Cangxian County, i.e. 0%~5%, 5%~10%, 10%~15% , 12%~25% and more than 25%. Of 77 jujube cultivars tested in Cangxian County, 80.52% were evaluated as high resistant, 2.60% resistant, 7.79% moderately resistant, 6.49% susceptible and 2.60% high susceptible. Among the cultivars mainly grown in China, both ‘Pozao’ and ‘Hupingzao’ is the high susceptible cultivars, and ‘Jinsixiaozao’, ‘Yuanlingzao’, ‘Changhong’ , ‘Dongzao’ is the high resistant cultivars.
张朝红,刘孟军,孔得仓,等.枣种质缩果病抗性多样性研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(4):539-545.
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