A total of 3187 traditional rice germplasm from Jiangxi were studied to developing a core collection for Jiangxi traditional rice germplasm. Indica/Japonica, early/middle/late season rice, waxy/non-waxy, color of brown rice and grain shape, the five qualitative characters as basic data were used to classify this germplasm. The team were classfied to second team by eight rice plant region. SSR masrkers were used to analysis genetic diversity and clusing, and analysis the genetic distance of rice germplasm. A core collection bank of 296 germplasm was constructed and accounted for 9.28% of total germplasm.