In this study, 18 geographic population were selected in all the flora of Camellia meiocarpa Hu 's. Twenty-three phenotypic traits from fruits, seeds, flowers and leaves were analyzed statistically. The results showed that there were a wide phenotype variation within or between populations, indicating a stronger phenotypic plasticity with the change of environmen.There were significant correlations among some phenotypic traits such as leaves, flowers and fruits. Thus, we selected some important and key traits as primarily measured parameters. Certain correlations were also found between phenotypic traits and ecogeographical factors. The phenotypic traits of flowers were the most sensitive to ecogeographical environment, but the leaves, seeds and fruits were relatively insensitive. Eighteen populations of C.meiocarpa were divided into 4 groups with obvious geographic feature according to the UPGMA euclidean distance among populations. Most populations remained the same results between plots of the principal components analysis and cluster, and the relationship of all different populations could be discriminated by two ways. It will lay a good foundation for collection of germplasm resources and breeding fine variety.