Pedigree analysis and the changes of agronomic traits were studied based on the data of 95 peanut varieties registered in Liaoning from 1949 to 2012.The results showed that 100 varieties were used as parents for peanut breeding, and 45 parents originated from Liaoning, 49 parents were mid-strains. Luhua 12, Baisha1016, Fuhuasheng and Yuhua 11were backbone parents for peanut cultivars in Liaoning. From 2002-2012, plant height and length of lateral branches of peanut varieties registered in Liaoning showed an increasing tendency, and the variation range for 100 kernel weight and shelling outturn of peanut varieties registered in Liaoning also exhibited a similar trend. However, crude protein content and crude fat contentdid not vary considerably as compared with the quality traits during other periods. Based on the analysis of peanut breeding background in Liaoning, we proposed that the use of backcross in peanut breeding in the province should be strengthened, and that breeding food uses peanut cultivars with tolerance of drought, low temperature, diseases, pests and continuous cropping should be listed as important breeding objectives. Biotechnological means and wild peanut genetic resources should be utilized to hasten peanut breeding process and further broaden the gene base of peanut cultivars in the province.