Rice bean (Vigna umbellata), belonging to the genus of Vigna, high resistant to poor soil, drought and diseases, is an elite gene pool for breeding legume’s of Vigna cropsbreeding. However, the study on this species is much lagged, and the genetic resources were seldom used in breeding. In the present study, we evaluated the genetic variations among agronomic traits of 1432 rice bean germplasm resources. The results showed that there were abundant of genetic variation among these germplasm and the variation types with low frequencies had a certain regular trends on geographical distributions. The quantitative traits also varied by a wide distribution scope, and. the The variation coefficients varied from 14% to 98%, that wasand pods per plant＞branches per main stem＞plant height＞10-seed-weight＞seeds per pod＞growth period＞pod length. Populations from different provinces of China had a little difference in variation level. Cluster analysis can not divide the germplasm into groups accordingbased on to their origins of provinces. But some germplasm from the a same province were grouped together on the dendrogram. These germplasm were always similar on quantitative traits and geographical origins, and might be repeatedly collected. Based on the cluster analysis and sampling within groups, a core collection including 157 accessions was finally established, after evaluation and adjustment, which will be a great help for further study of rice beanthis crop.