In this study, we conducted a survey regarding the current situation and distribution of wild resources of Schizandra plants within 26 towns, 20 counties, and 6 cities in Shaanxi province, in which multiple approaches including specimen and literature review, interview, and field investigation were used. The result showed that six kinds of Schisandra were found along areas of altitudes ranging from 500 to 2 800 m in Qinling Mountains, these contained Schisandra sphenanthera, Schisandra rubriflora, Schisandra grandiflora, Schisandra propinqua var. sinensis, Schisandra glaucescens and Schisandra lancifolia. Moreover, S. sphenanthera grew widely and abundantly, and S. grandiflora was relatively scarce in the survey area. According to the investigation, the florescence and fruit period of Schisandra in different areas were determined, thereby relative key to species were established. Together, these complemented the distribution situation of Schisandra plants in Qinling Mountains. Through the survey we found that the distribution area of wild plant resources of Schisandra was suffering varied degrees of damage, and we also discovered a very rare species which was lack of attention for long time. The study helps us to utilize the genuine medicinal materials reasonably and make a sustainable development. Furthermore, the result provides some recommendations and basal data to strengthen the protection of rare species.