The genetic diversity of 51 Cymbidium goeringii cultivars was evaluated based on AFLP molecular markers in this study. Among the 1315 DNA bands obtained from eight selective primer pairs，1217 (92.5% ) were polymorphic. The average number of DNA bands per primer pair was 164, and the number of DNA polymorphic bands per primer pair was 152. It was represented that 51 Cybidium goeringii cultivars had abundantly genetic diversity. 49 cultivars had their distinctive bands which could distinguish one cultivars from the others. Genetic similarity coefficients among the cultivars ranged from 0.501 to 0.716. Cluster analysis indicated that the 51 cultivars could be divided into five groups. The cultivars which collected from the same place were not clustered to the same group. It indicate that domestication causes confusion in the genetic backgrounds of C．goeringii．AFLP can be effectively applied to study the genetic diversity and relationship analysis of C．goeringii．