Buckwheat was originated in southwest of China, where exists a large number of wild relatives. Wild buckwheat karyotype feature analysis has important implications for buckwheat breeding practices. In this study, F.esculentum ssp.ancestralis,F.urophyllum, F.leptopodum var.grossii, F.gracilipes, F.gracilipes var. odontopterum were selected as experimental material and karyotypes of these species were identified by squash method. The results showed that F.esculentum ssp.ancestralis,F.urophyllum and F.leptopodum var.grossii were all diploid, the karyotype formula were 2n=2x=16=12M 4m(2SAT), 2n = 2x = 16 = 16M, 2n = 2x = 16 = 14M 2m(2SAT), while that of F.gracilipes and F.gracilipes var. odontopterum were tetraploid, and the karyotype formula were 2n=4x=32=32M and 2n=4x=32=30M 2m(2SAT). Karyotype genus type F.esculentum ssp.ancestralis and F.urophyllum was 1A, and the rests were 1B. F.esculentum ssp.ancestralis, F.leptopodum var.grossii, F.gracilipes var.odontopterum had one pair of satellite chromosomes. It proved that basic chromosome number of wild species of buckwheat were 8. There are diploid and tetraploid levels in wild buckwheat. The analysis indicated that F.urophyllum has a primitive evolutionarily status, while F.gracilipes var. odontopterum was a more advanced tetraploid buckwheat wild species in evolutionary status.