Tobacco germplasm is one of the valuable resources and strategic materiels for breeding new varieties of tobacco, genetic theory research, biotechnology research and tobacco production, is also the key to healthy and rapid development of tobacco cause in our country. The species and the status of collection and preservation of tobacco germplasm in China were elaborated in this study. We also counted and analyzed the distribution and utilization of tobacco germplasm in our country from 1983 to 2014 in detail, especially the utilization effect since the inception of Chinese Tobacco Germplasm Resource Platform sponsored by Chinese State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau in 2007. Furthermore, we described the problems in collection and conservation and utilization of research aspects of current tobacco germplasm work in China and appropriate countermeasures are proposed finally to strengthen and improve our tobacco germplasm work in the future. All of the above will benefit much for the further collection, conservation and utilization of tobacco germplasm in our country.