1中国农业科学院茶叶研究所/国家茶树改良中心,杭州 310008;2云南双江勐库茶叶有限责任公司,双江 677302
中国农业科研体系专项基金 (CARS-19);浙江省农业新品种选育重大专项 (2016C02053).
1Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Centre for Tea Improvement,, Hangzhou 310008;2Yunnan Shuangjiang Mengku Tea Co., Ltd. Shuangjiang 677302
Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-19); the Key Scientific and Technological Project for New Variety of Tea Plant Breeding of Zhejiang Province (2016C02053).
大叶种茶树在长期的自然演化的过程中,形成了众多表型且表型的变异非常大,是研究茶树进化关系和育种的重要材料。云南省独特的地理和生态环境使其具有丰富大叶种茶树资源。勐库大叶茶 (Camellia sinensis var. assamica cv. Mengku-dayecha) 是原产于云南省双江县勐库镇的有性系国家良种,具有芽叶生育力强、持嫩性强等特点,作为主栽品种之一广泛栽培于云南西部、南部各产茶县。本研究收集取自云南省双江县11个区域的235份勐库大叶种茶树资源,结合SSR标记评估这些资源的遗传多样性及个体间的遗传关系,筛选合适的核心标记组合,并分析种群遗传结构。结果显示: SSR标记在待测样本中具有多态性,每个SSR位点的等位基因数为2~7个,平均等位基因数为3.84,观察杂合度Ho范围为0.18 ~0.74,均值0.47; 25个SSR位点的基因分型组合能精确的识别出每份种质资源,赋予每份资源唯一的指纹码,并成功筛选出8个核心SSR位点作为简化的组合,以该组合检测235份种质资源,样本组两个随机样本存在同一基因型组合的概率仅为8.1 e-5 ~ 7.7 e-3; 结合群体遗传结构分析,11个区域的235个样本被分为5个亚群 (Sub-population R, G, Y, Pi, Pu) 和3个组 (Group Pu +Y, R + G, Pi + Y) ,并初步推测慕烈和冰岛区域的R亚群血统主要由南榔区域茶树资源向北部区域迁徙引入;Group Pu +Y 和 Group Pi +Y 两个组所在区域的原生血统为Y亚群,且由于懂过区域茶树资源的迁徙而引入Pu和Pi亚群的血统。
Camellia sinensis var. assamica (Assam type), which served as special germplasm resource, were widely distributed and cultivated in geographical and ecological environments of the Yun-nan province. Due to redundant phenotypic variations, these materials become of importance in studies of tea evolution and breeding. The cultivar (cv.) Mengku-dayecha (MK tea) is a national sexual variety originated from Meng-ku town, Shuang-jiang County of Yun-nan province, and this genotype shows the characteristics of strong bud, leaf fertility and tenderness. MK tea becomes popular and is widely cultivated in the western and southern tea -producing counties of Yun-nan province. Within this study, 235 germplasm resources of MK tea plants, which were collected from Shuang-jiang county of Yun-nan province, were subjected to evaluate genetic diversity and genetic relationships among individuals, construct molecular fingerprints, select suitable core marker combinations, analyse population genetic structure. The results showed that: the polymorphism of each SSR marker had detected in the candidate samples. The alleles of markers ranged from 2 to 7 with mean value 3.84, and Ho ranged from 0.18 to 0.74 with mean value 0.47; the genotyping combinations by 25 SSR loci had confirmed to accurately identify each sample and each of them had been given a unique fingerprint. Indeed, 8 core SSR loci were successfully screened out as a simplified combination which had only 8.1 e-5 to 7.7 e-3 probability to appear the same genotype combination in the sample group; 235 samples collected from 11 regions were divided into 5 sub-populations (R, G, Y, Pi, Pu) and 3 groups (Pu + Y, R+G, Pi + Y) based on genetic structure analysis. Taken together, we proposed that R sub-population in ML and BD area was likely derived from the south area (NL), while group Pu + Y and group Pi + Y highly associated and originated from Y population. Notably, the genetic components of Pu and Pi populations assumed to be caused by the migration of tea resources in Dong-guo area.
徐礼羿,王丽鸳,苏静静,等.云南双江勐库大叶种茶树基因型和种群结构分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2019,20(4):1052-1065.
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