Crop domestication has laid the fundamental basis of agricultural initiation and human civilization. Taking advantage of recent achievements on studies of crop domestication, this article reviewed the characterization of major domesticated-associated morphological traits, identification of important genomic segments, and isolation of domestication genes as well as the global spreading of cultivated crops post domestication. Furthermore, the advances on theoretical principals and fundamental methodologies as well current research focuses have been reviewed, and the future perspectives have been proposed.