In order to utilize the sesame germplasm resources of Hebei Province and enhance the genetic basis of sesame breeding，thirty-one phenotypic traits of 300 accessions，which were preserved and collected in the germplasm bank of Hebei Province，were investigated from 2016 to 2018. The correlation coefficient，cluster analysis and principal component analysis were conducted. The genetic diversity index of 22 quality characters arranged from 1.0986 to 5.6941，implying an abundant genetic diversity of 300 germplasm resources. The yield per plant was found to be positively correlated with the plant height，the number of grains，the number of turns per plant and the 1000-grain weight，while a significant negative correlation with the length of the apex was detected. The coefficient of variation range from 7.36% to 34.71%. The variation coefficient of single plant yield，single plant number and empty tip length were variable，while the variation coefficient of plant height，capsule length and 1000-grain weight was small. Cluster analysis suggested six subgroups in 300 sesame germplasm resources. For instance，the first group had a low initial height，the second group had the highest yield，the third group had the longest length，the fourth group had the highest plant height，the main stem and fruit axis，and the 1000-grain weight. For the highest，the comprehensive traits of group V were poor，and the number of grains per group was the highest. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the six principal component factors was 89.285%. Taken together，this study revealed an abundant phenotypic diversity of 300 sesame germplasm resources. The identified elite germplasm resources might become useful in future breeding for modern varieties.