Tomato, pepper and eggplant are the economically-imporant vegetables of Solanaceae cultivated worldwide. Natural evolution has resulted in abundant wild Solanaceae species adapted to the habitat of their origin zones. Over the long-term domestication and cultivation of Solanaceae wild plants, their yield and commodity quality have been continuously improved to meet the change of cultivation environments and the favors of people. However, the resistances upon biotic and abiotic stresses have been gradually decreased due to the losses of several functional components. The biologists and breeders have thus repeatedly turned their attention to the wild resources of Solanaceae in order to explore excellent characters or genes from wild species and break down the bottleneck of genetic improvement. In this paper, the theoretical research and applied utilization of wild resources of tomato, pepper and eggplant have been reviewed. We outlined the discovery of wild elite resources, gene localization and molecular cloning of important characters, genomics and functional genomics studies, distant hybridization, molecular assisted breeding, transgene and gene editing etc. Thus, this paper could provide guidance for the further excavation of wild Solanaceae resources and their utilization in genetic improvement of Solanaceae vegetables.