1.广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 / 广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室 / 广东省水稻工程实验室;2.广东省农业科学院农业生物基因研究中心
农业部农作物种质资源保护项目(NB2012-2130135-12,2015NWB015);第三次全国农作物资源普查与收集行动(1120162130135252102, 111721301354052037);广东省科技计划项目(2016A030303031)
1.Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory;2.Agro-biological Gene Research Center Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science
Crop Germplasm Resources Protection Project of the Ministry of Agriculture(NB2012-2130135-12,2015NWB015),The Third National Crop Resources Survey and Collection Action(1120162130135252102,111721301354052037),Guangdong Province Science and Technology Planning Project(2016A030303031)
为了全面了解广东药用野生稻自然生存现状,为我国野生稻资源的保护提供决策依据,2006、2012-2018 年对广东 药用野生稻生存状况进行了调查。结果查明,截至 2018 年 12 月,广东 8 个县市 17 个乡镇尚存药用野生稻,共有分布点 21 个,其中 3 个点为首次发现。现有分布点中,47.6% 的分布点分布范围小于 67 m2 或只有零星几丛甚至 1 丛,38.1% 的分布点 分布范围在 67~666 m2 之间,只有 14.3% 的分布点分布范围在 2000 m2 以上。根据历史资料统计,广东原有 11 个县市 35 个 乡镇有药用野生稻,共有分布点 79 个。本次实地调查了其中 47 个点,只有 18 个点尚有药用野生稻。按实地调查的分布点计 算,分布点丧失率为 61.7%,呈现濒危趋势。调查发现,造成药用野生稻消失的主要原因有城镇化建设、开垦种植果树和经济 林、除草剂的使用以及伴生植物禾本科杂草的快速生长等。调查的同时,抢救性收集了 94 份药用野生稻种茎样本进行异位保 存,并对其主要性状进行了鉴定评价,初步鉴定出 10 份抗褐稻虱、11 份中抗白叶枯病种质。同时还繁种入中期库保存,丰富 了保存的药用野生稻资源,提高了保存种质的安全性。
In order to understand the natural distribution of Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt in Guangdong province and provide basis for the wild rice protection in China,the field survey of O. officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt was carried out in years of 2006,and 2012 to 2018. There were 21 distribution sites of O. officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt in 17 towns in 8 counties (cities) in Guangdong province,of which three sites were not reported in the past. Notably,47.6% of the distribution sites were less than 67 m2 or represented by only a few clusters or even one cluster,38.1% were between 67 m2 and 666 m2,and 14.3% were over 2000 m2 . The historical record indicated 79 distribution sites of O. officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt in 35 towns in 11 counties (cities) in Guangdong province. However,O. officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt was found in only 18 out of 47 distribution sites that had been surveyed in this study,suggesting the loss rate of distribution sites of 61.7%. Loss of O. officinalis Wall. ex G.Watt was found due to the construction of cities and towns,the cultivation of fruit trees and economic forests, the use of herbicides,and the rapid growth of cereal weeds,etc.. Moreover,94 accessions from 21 sites were collected and tested upon biotic stress treatments. The first results suggested 10 accessions showing resistance to brown planthopper and 11 accessions showing medium resistance to bacterial blight. These accessions were conserved ex situ at national field Genebank for wild rice (Guangzhou,Guangdong) and the national Genebank of China.
范芝兰,陈文丰,陈 雨,等.广东省药用野生稻的调查收集与保护[J].植物遗传资源学报,2022,23(2):368-375.
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