作物种质资源管理:现状与展望
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中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081

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基金项目:

农作物种质资源保护与利用专项;第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动


Management of Crop Germplasm Resource: Advances and Perspectives
Author:
Affiliation:

Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081

Fund Project:

The Program of Protection of Crop Germplasm Resources,The Third National General Survey and Collection Action of Crop Germplasm Resource

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    摘要:

    作物种质资源是推动现代种业创新的物质基础、推进农业高质量发展的“芯片”,是保障国家粮食安全、建设生态文 明、维护生物多样性的战略性资源。如何对种质资源进行有效管理,是种质资源安全保护和高效利用的重要一环。首先,本文 分析了联合国粮农组织、联合国环境规划署和国际植物新品种保护联盟等国际组织对作物种质资源的管理体系和保护与利用 体系,并以美国、日本、巴西和印度为例介绍了在针对种质资源的法律法规、经费支持、运行机制等方面的现状;然后,介绍了 我国种质资源管理的政府主导阶段、行政指导下的技术部门负责阶段和依法管理阶段等三个发展阶段的种质资源管理工作, 同时阐述了我国现行种质资源的管理体系、运行体系及保障机制等;最后,结合国内外种质资源管理发展现状及趋势,借鉴国 际种质资源管理的好的做法,对我国种质资源管理未来开展的重点工作提出建议,以期促进种质资源的保护和利用。

    Abstract:

    Crop germplasm are the material basis for promoting the innovation of modern seed industry, the “chip” for stimulating the high-quality development of agriculture,and the strategic resources for ensuring national food security,building ecological civilization and maintaining biodiversity. Effective management of germplasm is an important part of their safety protection and efficient utilization. This study analyzed the management system as well as the protection and utilization system of crop germplasm from international organizations such as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization,the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,and introduced the current status of laws and regulations as well as financial support and operation mechanism for germplasm resources, taking the United States,Japan,Brazil and India as examples;introduced the three development stages,including the government-led stage,the technical department responsible stage under the administrative guidance as well as the legal management stage,of germplasm resources management in our country,and expounded the domestic current management system,operation system and guarantee mechanism of germplasms;put suggestions on the key work of national germplasm management in the future to promote the protection and utilization of germplasm resources,combining with the development status and trend of domestic and foreign germplasm management and learning from the good practices of international germplasm resources management.

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武 晶,郭刚刚,张宗文,等.作物种质资源管理:现状与展望[J].植物遗传资源学报,2022,23(3):627-635.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-25
  • 最后修改日期:2022-01-25
  • 录用日期:2022-02-09
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-05-10
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