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首页 > 过刊浏览>2023年第24卷第1期 >22-31. DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20221120001
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作物种质资源产权保护制度探讨
作者:
作者单位:

中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081

作者简介:

研究方向为作物种质资源保护、评价与利用，E-mail： zhangzongwen@caas.cn

通讯作者:

刘旭院士，研究方向为农业种质资源保护与管理，E-mail： liuxu03@caas.cn

基金项目:

农业农村部农作物种质资源保护与利用专项


Investigation of Property Rights System of Crop Germplasm Resources
Author:
Affiliation:

Institute of Crop Sciences， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081

Fund Project:

Foundation project： Special Project of Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

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    摘要:

    作物种质资源是人类长期培育、传承的劳动成果，是保障粮食安全和农业可持续发展的战略性资源。作物种质资源产权对保障国家种源安全、激励种质创新、提高种质资源利用效率起关键作用。我国的作物种质资源产权类型复杂，保护制度尚不完善。本文在构建作物种质资源产权理论框架的基础上，阐述了作物种质资源的基本权，包括人类生存权、国家主权和农民权利的内涵和落实机制；探讨了作物种质资源财产权，包括国家所有权、集体所有权和个人所有权的赋权基础和可能性；阐明了知识产权，包括植物新品种权、商标权、地理标志权、重要农业文化遗产和专利权对作物种质资源的保护作用。围绕保障粮食安全和农业可持续发展的实际需要，展望了作物种质资源产权制度建设的发展趋势，提出了加强作物种质资源产权保护的工作重点，为相关研究人员和政策制定者提供参考。

    Abstract:

    Crop germplasm resources are the heritages of human through long-term breeding and passing on process， and strategic resources of ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural development. The property rights regime plays a key role in ensuring the national germplasm resources safety， encouraging the germplasm enhancement activities， and promoting the conservation and sustainable utilization of crop germplasm resources. In China， the property rights regime is complex， and protection system is incomplete. This paper， on the basis of elaborating the theory framework of crop germplasm resources， elaborates the concepts and contents of human rights to survival， sovereign rights and farmer's rights， which form the basic rights over crop germplasm resources； explores the options and possibilities on recognizing and granting the ownerships of state， community and individual for property rights over crop germplasm resources； expounds the functions of protecting crop germplasm resources by intellectual property rights， including plant new variety rights， trademark rights， geographic indicators， important heritage of agricultural culture and patent rights. Finally， authors look into the trends and propose the priorities in developing property rights system of crop germplasm resources in view of the actual needs in ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural development. It is a reference for researchers and policy makers on the areas of crop germplasm resources.

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张宗文,刘旭.作物种质资源产权保护制度探讨[J].植物遗传资源学报,2023,24(1):22-31.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-20
  • 最后修改日期:2022-11-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-01-12
  • 出版日期: 2023-01-12
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