To explore the genetic diversity of key agronomic traits of domestic and imported sugar beet germplasm resources， a genetic diversity analysis of 12 agronomic traits in 679 accessions was conducted in this study. The results showed that the nine descriptive agronomic traits exhibited genetic diversity ranging from 0.5876 to 1.4250. The coefficient of variation at the three numerical agronomic traits ranged from 33.96% to 50.33%. The germplasm resources with the most significant range differences in root yield and sucrose content were collected from Inner Mongolia， China. These samples with the highest coefficients of variation in root yield were collected from SES Vander Have， and these samples with the highest coefficients of variation in sucrose content were imported from France. The introduced material from Britain Ryan Company showed the highest coefficient of variation and range in sugar yield. The cluster analysis categorized the 679 materials into four clusters： Group Ⅰ mainly showed oblique standing margin shape of the leaf， Group Ⅱ had higher sucrose content， Group Ⅲ had the highest sugar yield， and Group Ⅵ mainly showed the economic type of low yield and low sugar type. Following the identification and comprehensive evaluation of the germplasm resources， a total of 6 super-high-sugar materials， 2 high-sugar materials， 138 high-yield materials， 39 standard materials were identified. One high-yield and high-sugar material， three standard-biased high-yield materials， three standard-biased high-sugar materials， and 223 low-yield and low-sugar materials were identified.