国内外啤酒大麦品种酿造品质比较分析
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1.&2.amp;3.lt;4.sup&5.gt;6.甘肃农业大学农学院&7./sup&8./ 省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/ 甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室;9.中粮麦芽&10.大连有限公司;11.中国农业&12.科学院作物科学研究所/ 农业农村部粮食作物基因资源评价利用重点实验室/ 农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程

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省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室开放课题(XZNKY-2020-C-007K01);国家大麦青稞产业技术体系(CARS-05);中国农业科学院科技创新工程


Comparative Analysis on Brewing Quality of Domestic and Foreign Beer Barley Varieties
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The Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement of TAAAS(XZNKY-2020-C-007K01);The China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-05);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS

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    摘要:

    全球不同大麦产区的环境差异以及啤酒大麦育种方向的不同,导致了啤酒大麦酿造品质差异。为比较国内外啤酒大麦的品质差异,本研究对44个来自北美、欧洲、澳洲以及我国的常用啤酒大麦品种进行了酿造品质(包括麦芽和籽粒品质)的分析,主要研究结果表明:在麦芽品质方面,国内各大产区主栽品种均有可对标的国外啤酒大麦品种,即东北产区的龙啤麦14和龙啤麦18号的麦芽品质可对标欧洲进口啤酒大麦,南方产区的苏啤系列和西北产区的甘啤系列可对标澳洲进口啤酒大麦,中啤麦1号和北方产区的蒙啤3号麦芽品质与北美进口啤酒大麦为同一类型;国外进口啤酒大麦麦芽品质性状较中国啤酒大麦主要表现为β-葡聚糖含量低,浸出率高;在国内种植的国外引进啤酒大麦较在原产区种植时,糖化力、库值和β-葡聚糖含量均受到影响,而北美产区的大部分品种较适应中国种植条件,麦芽品质性状较原产区未出现明显变化;麦芽品质的糖化力和浸出率指标与籽粒中蛋白质含量和总淀粉含量以及支链淀粉含量显著相关,鉴于籽粒品质和麦芽品质性状相关性以及籽粒品质性状测定的易操作性,籽粒蛋白质、总淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量性状可以作为啤酒大麦育种的初筛性状。本研究为国内不同产区内啤酒大麦的培育改良提供了品种参考和改良方向,对提高国内啤酒大麦的生产利用效率具有指导意义。

    Abstract:

    Variations in environmental conditions across different barley-producing regions and the breeding selection choices for barley varieties have led to disparities in brewing quality. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of brewing quality including grain and malt quality traits for 44 accessions of barley sourced from North America, Europe, and Australia, along with commonly cultivated barley varieties in China. The main findings of this research are as follows: The major planted varieties in various domestic regions have malt quality characteristics that match foreign major malting barley varieties. For instance, Longpimai 14 and Longpimai 18 from Northeast China are comparable to imported European malting varieties. The Supi series from South region and the Ganpi series from Northwest China match imported Australian malting varieties. The trial cultivation of Zhongpimai 1 and Mengpi 3 in North China corresponds to North American imported malting varieties. Compared with Chinese malting barley, the foreign malting barley varieties are mainly showing lower in β-glucan content and higher extract. Moreover, the quality properties of imported malting barley grown in China are different from those grown in the original area, as the malt diastatic power, kolbach index and β-glucan content can be affected by the environment. However, most varieties from the North American region show better adaptability to Chinese planting conditions with malt quality characteristics exhibiting no significant changes compared to their original growing regions. The malt qualities including diastatic power and extract yield are significantly correlated with contents of protein, starch, and amylopectin in the grain. Given the efficient measurement of grain quality and its correlation with malt quality, grain protein, starch, and amylopectin contents can serve as initial screening traits for malting barley breeding. This study provides reference varieties and guidance for the future breeding direction as well as the way for development and improvement of malting barley from different domestic regions. It has significant meaning in improving the production efficiency of domestic malting barley.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-02
  • 最后修改日期:2024-04-22
  • 录用日期:2024-08-19
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