213份海岛棉种质资源的遗传多样性分析
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1.新疆农业大学;2.新疆金丰源种业有限公司;3.Department of Agriculture and Rural Affiars of Xinjian

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基金项目:

新疆长绒棉育种联合攻关项目(2022MH-01),“天山英才”培养计划项目(2023TSYCLJ0012)


Genetic diversity analysis of 213 Gossypium barbadense L. germplasm resources
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Affiliation:

1.Xinjiang Agricultural University;2.Xinjiang Jinfengyuan Seeds Co., Ltd.;3.新疆农业大学新疆维吾尔自治区农业农村厅

Fund Project:

Xinjiang Long-staple Cotton Breeding Joint Research Project(2022MH-01),"Tianshan Talents" Training Program Project(2023TSYCLJ0012)

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    摘要:

    探索2年3个环境点(2022年两个点:库尔勒市和阿瓦提县,2023年一个点:阿瓦提县)自然高温对海岛棉4个花性状的影响。利用一个环境点的海岛棉不同生育时期的41个性状指标(26个数量性状,15个质量性状)对213份海岛棉资源进行综合评价。通过遗传多样性分析,主成分分析,相关性分析,聚类分析,多元回归分析,最后利用综合评价值(F)鉴定出综合表型较优及高温耐性较好的材料。结果显示4个花性状均易收到环境影响,花药对高温天气最为敏感。213份海岛棉资源材料的变异系数变化范围在2.70%~30.83%之间,遗传多样性指数的变化范围在0.030~2.14之间,说明供试的海岛棉资源遗传类型较为丰富。26个表型指标提取到了9个主成分,累计贡献率74.969%,依据特点分为产量构成因子,植株生长因子,植株授粉因子等。通过多元回归分析我们发现试验用到的表型指标与花粉活力和蕾铃脱落率的相关性不高,花粉活力与蕾铃脱落率之间的解释率也不高,可能这两个指标有独特遗传机制,受其他表型指标的影响较小。26个表型指标综合聚类将213份海岛棉资源分为5类,其中第一类包含16份综合性状优良的高产材料,第二类包含122份花性状指标较为优良,花大,叶多的材料,第三类包含44份植株较高,蕾铃脱落率较低的材料,第四类群包含29份营养器官生长较为优异的材料,第五类包含2份花粉活力较强材料。两个耐高温指标聚类将213份海岛棉资源分为了3类,其中第一类包含102份高花粉活力低蕾铃脱落率的材料,第二类包含63份中花粉活力中蕾铃脱落率的材料,第三类包含48份低花粉活力高蕾铃脱落率的材料。两种聚类最优类群存在交集有7份材料。本研究结果可为海岛棉优异种质资源的挖掘及种质创新提供理论依据。

    Abstract:

    The effects of natural high temperature on four flower traits of Gossypium barbadense L. were studied at three environmental sites in two years (Korla and Awat County in 2022 and Awat County in 2022). The high temperature tolerance of 213 Gossypium barbadense L. resources was evaluated by using 41 traits (26 quantitative traits and 15 quality traits) at different growth stages in an environmental site. Through genetic diversity analysis, principal component analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, multiple regression analysis, and finally use the comprehensive evaluation value (F) to identify the better comprehensive phenotype and high temperature resistance of materials. The results showed that all 4 flower traits were easily influenced by environment, and anthers were most sensitive to high temperature. The variation coefficient and genetic diversity index of 213 Gossypium barbadense L. resources ranged from 2.70% - 30.83% and from 0.030 - 2.14 respectively, which indicated that the tested Gossypium barbadense L. resources were rich in genetic types. Nine principal components were extracted from 26 phenotypic indexes, and their cumulative contribution rate was 74.969% . They were classified into yield components, plant growth factors, and plant pollination factors. Through the multiple regression analysis, we found that the correlation between the phenotypic indexes and the pollen vigor and the exfoliation rate was not high, and the explanation rate between the pollen vigor and the exfoliation rate was not high, other phenotypic parameters had less effect. 213 Gossypium barbadense L. resources were divided into 5 groups by 26 phenotypic indexes, the first group contained 16 high-yield materials with good comprehensive characters, the second group contained 122 high-yield materials with good flower characters and big flowers, among the materials with more leaves, the third group contained 44 materials with higher plant height and lower Buds shedding rate, the fourth group contained 29 materials with better vegetative organ growth, and the fifth group contained 2 materials with stronger pollen vigor. The 213 Gossypium barbadense L. resources were divided into three groups by two high temperature tolerance indexes: the first group contained 102 high pollen vigor and low pollen Buds shedding rate materials, the second group contained 63 high pollen vigor and low pollen Buds shedding rate materials, the third category contains 48 materials with low pollen viability and high Buds shedding rate. There are 7 materials in the intersection of the two optimal clusters. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the exploitation and germplasm innovation of Gossypium barbadense L.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-23
  • 最后修改日期:2024-04-09
  • 录用日期:2024-08-19
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