2025年6月13日 17:50 星期五
首页 > 过刊浏览>2024年第25卷第9期 >1428-1440. DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240303001
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水稻耐冷研究现状与黑龙江省粳稻耐冷生物育种策略
作者:
作者单位:

1.长江大学农学院，湖北荆州 434025;2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室/农作物基因资源与 遗传改良国家重大科学工程，北京 100081;3.黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所，佳木斯 154026

作者简介:

研究方向为作物遗传育种，E-mail： 1805093237@qq.com；

通讯作者:

郑天清，研究方向为水稻基因资源挖掘与育种利用，E-mail： zhengtianqing@caas.cn
邱先进，研究方向为水稻重要农艺性状遗传解析与分子育种，Email： xjqiu216@yangtzeu.edu.cn

基金项目:

农业生物育种重大专项（2022ZD0400404）


Research Status on Cold Tolerance in Rice and Biotechnological Breeding Strategies for Cold-tolerant Early Geng/japonica in Heilongjiang Province
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Agriculture， Yangtze University， Jingzhou 434025， Hubei;2.Institute of Crop Sciences， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement， Beijing 100081;3.Rice Research Institute， Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jiamusi 154026

Fund Project:

Foundation project： Biological Breeding-Major Projects（2022ZD0400404）

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    摘要:

    随着全球气候变化，极端天气事件发生概率显著上升。作为我国水稻商品粮重要生产基地，黑龙江省是低温冷害频发地区，黑龙江省粳稻在苗期和生殖生长期（含孕穗期、开花期和成熟期）都容易遭遇低温胁迫。低温胁迫是黑龙江省粳稻生产的重要限制因素，提高黑龙江省粳稻品种耐冷性对保障我国粮食安全生产具有重大战略意义。本文在回顾水稻耐冷鉴定方法和遗传研究同时，通过分析黑龙江省粳稻近20年（2006-2023年）育成品种的耐冷数据发现，随着近年来审定品种数量“井喷”，品种耐冷性呈现整体下降趋势；其次，通过基于参考基因组的比较作图发现，苗期和生殖生长期耐冷性大多受独立的位点或染色体区段控制，遗传重叠（包括一因多效位点和连锁区段）比例在21%左右，其中负调控位点占比20%。对当前黑龙江省粳稻耐冷育种工作而言，针对上述遗传重叠位点/区段和负调控位点开展深入研究，将有利于进一步提高育种工作效率。在此基础上，本文提出了黑龙江省粳稻耐冷生物育种策略以及苗期与生殖生长期耐冷性同步改良的具体建议。

    Abstract:

    With the global climate change， the probability of extreme weather events has significantly increased. As an important base for commercial rice production in China， Heilongjiang province is an area prone to low-temperature stresses. Geng/Japonica rice in Heilongjiang is susceptible to low-temperature stresses during both the seedling stage and the reproductive stage （including booting， flowering， and maturing stages）. Low temperature stress is a key limiting factor for rice production in Heilongjiang， and improving cold tolerances of Heilongjiang Geng/japonica rice cultivars is of great strategic importance for ensuring the food production security in China. When reviewing the identification methods and genetic researches of rice cold tolerance， the authors analyzed the cold tolerance characteristics of Heilongjiang rice cultivars released in the past about 20 years （2006-2023）， and found that with the "blowout" of approved cultivars in recent 5 years， the cold tolerances are going down. Secondly， through the comparative mapping based on reference genome， it was found that the cold tolerances at the seedling stage and the reproductive stage are mostly controlled by independent loci or chromosomal regions， and the proportion of genetic overlap （including both pleiotropic loci and linked regions） accounted for about 21%. Among the identified gene responsible for cold tolerances， the negative regulatory genes accounted for about 20%. For current breeding application， the above-mentioned genetic overlap loci/regions and negative regulatory genes are useful in improving the breeding efficiency. On this basis， the authors put forward specific suggestions on the simultaneous improvement of cold tolerance during the seedling stage and reproductive stage as well as strategies for the biotechnological breeding on improving the cold tolerances of early Geng/japonica rice for Heilongjiang province.

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张文雨,雷远宝,张云江,等.水稻耐冷研究现状与黑龙江省粳稻耐冷生物育种策略[J].植物遗传资源学报,2024,25(9):1428-1440.

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