150份桃种质资源果实褐腐病抗性评价
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1.河南科技大学;2.中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所

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中国农业科学院基本科研业务费项目(1610192023310)、中国农科院青年创新专项(Y2022QC23),河南省优秀青年基金(232300421042)


Evaluation of Resistant to Brown Rot in Peach Fruits for 150 Peach Germplasm Resources
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Basic Research Business Fee Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1610192023310)、Youth Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Y2022QC23),Henan Province Excellent Youth Fund(232300421042)

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    摘要:

    褐腐病是桃主要果实病害之一,会造成果实成熟期果实腐烂、产量降低,带来巨大经济损失。培育抗性品种是解决褐腐病危害的根本途径,筛选出桃褐腐病抗性资源,是抗性育种培育的关键。2022-2023年,以国家桃种质资源圃(郑州)保存的桃种质为试材,采收成熟度为8.0-8.5成的桃果实进行人工接种筛选,其中包含无损接种150份,有损接种37份。每天调查无损接种果实的病果率增加速率(%)和有损接种果实的病斑直径扩展速率(cm·d-1)。以平均值和0.5标准差建立9级抗性评价体系,比较不同种质类型、肉质类型、果实类型、来源地种质的褐腐病抗性,并分析褐腐病抗性与其他果实性状的相关性。无损接种的病果率增加速率(%)为(7.68±5.35)%,变异系数为3.73。基于此标准建立9级抗性评价体系,1级:≥0,<0.98,包含11份抗性较强的种质。2级:≥0.98,<3.66,占34份。3级:≥3.66,<6.34,占28份。4级:≥6.34,<9.02,占21份。5级:≥9.02,<11.70,占20份。6级:≥11.70,<14.38,占14份。7级:≥14.38,<17.06,占16份。8级:≥17.06,<19.74,占4份。9级:≥19.74,占2份。有损病斑直径扩展速率为(0.82±0.26)cm·d-1,变异系数为0.09,基于此标准建立9级评价体系,1级:≥0,<0.36,包含1份抗性较强的种质。2级:≥0.36,<0.49,占3份。3级:≥0.49,<0.62,占5份。4级:≥0.62,<0.75,占5份。5级:≥0.75,<0.89,占7份。6级:≥0.89,<1.02,占8份。7级:≥1.02,<1.15,占5份。8级:≥1.15,<1.28,占2份。9级:≥1.28,占1份。无损接种病果率增加速率(y)与有损接种病斑直径扩展速率(x)的回归为关系为 y=3.09+7.91x(R2=0.130),R2值较低表明两个抗性评价指标为非线性回归关系。此外经分析,曲线回归相关性亦不强。无损接种条件下,‘太行山24号’‘林州天平山1号’‘安口山桃’‘林芝离核光核桃’‘园春白’‘瑞光美玉’‘中油金红’‘石育白桃’‘KXN1635-137’‘如皋紫桃(晚熟)’‘温09-13-24’等11份种质资源抗褐腐病侵入能力较强;有损接种结果表明,‘南一区西7-1’对褐腐病有很强的抗病斑扩展能力。比较发现,无损接种条件下地方品种相比于培育品种更具褐腐抗性,蟠桃、普通桃相比于油桃、油蟠桃更具褐腐抗性,不溶质的桃果实相比硬溶质和软溶质更具褐腐病抗性。有损接种病斑直径扩展速率与果实酸度值(r=-0.43,p<0.05)呈显著负相关,无损接种病果率增加速率与果实硬度(r=-0.36,p<0.05)成显著负相关。基于无损接种与有损接种分别建立了褐腐病抗性9级评价体系,分别筛选出11份具抗褐腐病菌侵入能力的种质,1份抗褐腐病班扩展能力的种质,为桃褐腐病抗性品种培育提供了重要材料和理论依据。

    Abstract:

    Monilinia fructicola is the dominant species causing peach brown rot in China. It mainly damages the fruits at the maturity. The fruits near the maturity and during the storage were the most seriously damaged, which can cause a large number of rotten fruits and fruit drops. Infected fruits can not only infect each other in the orchard but also continue to infect diseases during storage and transportation, causing significant losses in yield. So, it is of great significance to screen peach brown rot resistant resources and provide parents with excellent resistance for breeding resistant germplasm. In 2022-2023, peach fruits with a maturity of 8.0-8.5 were collected from Zhengzhou Peach Orchard in the National Horticultural Germplasm Resource Center for artificial inoculation and screening. There were 150 non-destructive inoculated fruit germplasm collections and 37 destructive inoculated fruit germplasm collections. To evaluate the percentage growth of infected fruits per day (PGIF, %) of non-destructively inoculated fruits and lesion diameter growth rate (LDGR, cm·d-1) of destructively inoculated fruits. A 9-grade resistance evaluation system was established with the average value and 0.5 standard deviations. The resistance of different germplasm, flesh texture, fruit types, and origin were compared, and the correlation between resistance indexes and other fruit characters was analyzed. PGIF by non-destructive inoculation was (7.68±5.35)%, and the CV value was 3.73. Based on this standard, a 9-grade resistance evaluation system was established. Grade 1: ≥0, <0.98, including 11 accessions resistant to fruit brown rot. Grade 2: ≥0.98, <3.66, including 34 accessions. Grade 3: ≥3.66, <6.34, including 28 accessions. Grade 4: ≥6.34, <9.02, including 21 accessions. Grade 5: ≥9.02, <11.70, including 20 accessions. Grade 6: ≥11.70, <14.38, including 14 accessions. Grade 7: ≥14.38, <17.06, including 16 accessions. Grade 8: ≥17.06, <19.74, including 4 accessions, and Grade 9: ≥19.74, including only 2 accessions. LDGR was (0.82±0.26) cm·d-1, and the CV value was 0.09. Based on this standard, a 9-grade evaluation system was established. Grade 1: ≥0, <0.36, including 1 accession with strong resistance. Grade 2: ≥0.36, <0.49, including 3 accessions. Grade 3: ≥0.49, <0.62, including 5 accessions. Grade 4: ≥0.62, <0.75, including 5 accessions. Grade 5: ≥0.75, <0.89, including 7 accessions. Grade 6: ≥0.89, <1.02, including 8 accessions. Grade 7: ≥1.02, <1.15, including 5 accessions. Grade 8: ≥1.15, <1.28, including 2 accessions, and Grade 9: ≥1.28, including only 1 accession. The regression relationship between PGIF (Y) and LDGR (X) was y=3.09+7.91x(R2=0.130), and the lower R2 value indicates that the two resistance evaluation indexes have a nonlinear regression relationship. The comparative results of peach brown rot resistance were grouped according to germplasm, flesh texture, fruit types, and origin, were as follows. It was found that, under the condition of non-destructive inoculation, landraces were more resistant to brown rot than cultivars, flat peach and peaches were more resistant to brown rot than nectarine and flat nectarine, and none-melting peach are more resistant to brown rot than hard-melting and soft-melting peach accessions. The LDGR was negatively correlated with fruit acidity (r=-0.43, p<0.05), and the PGIF was negatively correlated with fruit hardness (r=-0.36, p<0.05). A 9-level evaluation system for brown rot resistance was established, and 11 accessions resistant to the fungus invasion and 1 accession resistant to the fungus expansion were screened out by non-destructive and destructive inoculation methods, respectively.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-14
  • 最后修改日期:2024-07-05
  • 录用日期:2024-10-10
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-10-29
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