Monilinia fructicola is the predominant species causing peach brown rot in China， and developing resistant varieties is crucial through screening resistant resources against this disease. In 2022-2023， peach fruits with a maturity index of 8.0-8.5 were collected from National Peach Germplasm Resources Garden （Zhengzhou， China） for artificial inoculation and screening. In total，150 accessions were evaluated by uninjured inoculation， and 37 accessions by injured inoculation. The percentage growth of infected fruits per day （PGIF） and lesion diameter growth rate （LDGR） were used to evaluate brown rot resistance. A 9-grade resistance evaluation system was established based on the average value of PGIF and LDGR with 0.5 standard deviation， respectively. The resistance of different germplasm， flesh texture， fruit types， and origin were compared， and the correlation between resistance indexes and other fruit characters was analyzed. PGIF by non-destructive inoculation was 7.68%， and the CV value was 69.69%. In its resistance evaluation system，grade 1 included 11 accessions resistant to fruit brown rot， grade 2 included 34 accessions， grade 3 included 28 accessions， grade 4 included 21 accessions， grade 5 included 20 accessions， grade 6 included 14 accessions， grade 7 included 16 accessions， grade 8 included 4 accessions， and grade 9 included only 2 accessions. The LDGR was 0.82 cm/d， and the CV value was 31.69%. In its resistance evaluation system，grade 1 contains 1 accession with strong resistance， grade 2 contains 3 accessions， grade 3 contains 5 accessions， grade 4 contains 5 accessions， grade 5 contains 7 accessions， grade 6 contains 8 accessions， grade 7 contains 5 accessions， grade 8 contains 2 accessions， and grade 9 contains only 1 accession. It was found that landraces exhibit relatively strong resistance to brown rot. The LDGR was negatively correlated with fruit acidity， and the PGIF was negatively correlated with fruit hardness. Collectively， 11 accessions resistant to fungal invasion and 1 accession resistant to fungal expansion were identified using non-destructive and destructive inoculation methods， respectively.