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首页 > 过刊浏览>2025年第26卷第2期 >249-259. DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20221031003
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水稻种质资源淹水成苗特性评价及优异种质筛选
作者:
作者单位:

湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/粮食作物种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室/农业农村部作物分子育种重点实验室，武汉 430064

作者简介:

研究方向为作物种质资源学，E-mail： zhangshuo0728@126.com

通讯作者:

蔡海亚，研究方向为水稻种质资源创新与利用，E-mail： ytchy@126.com

基金项目:

湖北省支持种业高质量发展资金（HBZY2023A001）；湖北省科技重大专项（2022ABA001）


Evaluation of Waterlogged Seedling Characteristics and Screening of Elite Rice Germplasm Resources
Author:
Affiliation:

Institute of Food Crops， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Wuhan 430064

Fund Project:

Foundation projects： High-Quality Development of Seed Industry of Hubei Province（HBZY2023A001）； Major Science and Technology Project of Hubei Province（2022ABA001）

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    摘要:

    水稻淹水直播既可以免去育苗、插秧、排水等人工成本，又可以有效防控杂草和鸟害、鼠害，具有广阔的应用前景。然而，目前水稻栽培品种大多低氧成苗率低，不适宜淹水直播，品种匮乏问题严重制约淹水直播技术发展与推广。鉴定筛选淹水成苗性强的水稻种质资源是培育淹水直播稻新品种的重要基础。本研究利用湖北省农作物种质资源中期库保存的国内外水稻种质材料，通过测定淹水成苗率、发芽势、低氧萌发率、低氧相对萌发率、胚芽鞘长度、低氧胚芽鞘长度、低氧相对胚芽鞘长度等指标，鉴定筛选出淹水成苗率达50%以上的水稻种质17份。相关性分析表明，发芽势、低氧萌发率、胚芽鞘长度、低氧胚芽鞘长度、低氧相对胚芽鞘长度等指标与淹水成苗率呈极显著正相关，其中低氧胚芽鞘长度与淹水成苗率的相关性最高，可作为鉴定评价淹水成苗特性的重要指标。通过对254份水稻种质资源淹水成苗特性重要调控基因OsGF14h的单倍型类型检测分析，鉴定出8份淹水成苗率高（>30%）而OsGF14h单倍型为无功能型的材料，为淹水成苗特性相关新基因的挖掘提供了线索。本研究对于提高耐淹水稻种质资源的筛选鉴定效率，挖掘淹水成苗特性调控基因，进而培育淹水直播稻新品种具有一定的参考价值。

    Abstract:

    Rice direct seeding under waterlogging conditions can not only eliminate the labor cost associating with raising seedlings， transplanting， and drainage， but also effectively prevent the weeds， birds and rats， therefore holding broad application prospects. However， because of the low germination rate under waterlogged conditions， most rice cultivars are unsuitable for direct seeding in flooded fields. Lack of variety seriously limits the development and popularization of waterlogging direct seeding technology. Identifying and screening rice germplasm resources with robust waterlogged seedling characteristics is a crucial foundation for breeding new varieties adapted to waterlogging direct seeding rice. This study utilized rice germplasm materials from domestic and international sources preserved in the Mid-term Crop Germplasm Resource Bank of Hubei province. We measured indicators such as waterlogged seedling rate， germinative force， low-oxygen germination rate， low-oxygen relative germination rate， coleoptile length， low-oxygen coleoptile length， and low-oxygen relative coleoptile length. Seventeen rice germplasm with waterlogged seedling rates exceeding 50% were identified. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the waterlogged seedling rate and several indicators， including germinative force， low-oxygen germination rate， coleoptile length， low-oxygen coleoptile length， and low-oxygen relative coleoptile length， with the strongest being between waterlogged seedling rate and low-oxygen coleoptile length was the highest. Thus， the low-oxygen coleoptile length could serve as a vital index for identifying and evaluating the waterlogged seedlings characteristics. By detecting and analyzing the haplotype attribute of OsGF14h， an important regulatory gene for waterlogged seedling characteristics， in 254 rice germplasm resources， 8 germplasm resources with high waterlogged seedling rate （>30%） while OsGF14h gene of non-functional-derived haplotype were identified， corresponding clues for the mining of new genes related to waterlogged seedling characteristics were provided. This study offers valuable insights for improving the efficiency of screening and identification waterlogging tolerant rice germplasm resources， exploring the regulatory genes of waterlogged seedling characteristics， and developing new varieties of waterlogging-tolerant rice suitable for direct seeding.

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张硕,何永刚,李博,等.水稻种质资源淹水成苗特性评价及优异种质筛选[J].植物遗传资源学报,2025,26(2):249-259.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-01-23
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