1.吉林省农业科学院水稻研究所,公主岭 136100;2.吉林省农业科学院作物资源研究所,公主岭 136100;3.山东农业大学植物保护学院,泰安 271018
第一作者研究方向为水稻种质资源研究及新品种选育,jlgzjjh@163.com;李淑芳为共同第一作者
全成哲,研究方向为水稻新品种测试及品种选育,E-mail:jlgzqcz@163.com
张强,研究方向为水稻种质资源研究及新品种选育,E-mail:zhqiang73@163.com
吉林省重大科技专项(20240203005NC)
1.Rice Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100;2.Crop Resources Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gongzhuling 136100;3.Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018
Foundation project: Major Science and Technology Project of Jilin Province(20240203005NC)
水稻种质资源是水稻遗传改良及新品种选育的重要基础,研究水稻种质资源遗传多样性对拓宽稻种资源的遗传背景具有重要作用。本研究采用多种分析方法对1775份水稻种质资源的20个重要农艺性状进行了遗传多样性分析,发现所有种质资源农艺性状的变异系数差异较大,范围为4.42%(谷粒厚度)~89.75%(空粒数),空粒数具有较丰富的遗传变异;遗传多样性指数的变化范围为1.585(空粒数)~2.069(抽穗期),抽穗期具有较丰富的多样性。通过对11个省(市)种质的单独分析发现,吉林省种质的有效穗数及穗粒数等7个性状具有较丰富的多样性;云南省种质的始穗期及穗长等4个性状具有较丰富的多样性;黑龙江省种质的抽穗期等3个性状具有较丰富的多样性。对不同类型种质的分析发现,地方品种的剑叶长度、株高等11个性状具有较丰富的多样性,选育品种的生育期性状、有效穗数等9个性状具有较丰富的多样性。相关分析表明,149个相关系数达到极显著(P<0.01)水平,其中始穗期等3个生育期性状与其他农艺性状相关程度较高。主成分分析发现,前6个主成分累积贡献率达79.309%,且与生育期相关的性状贡献率最大。通过聚类分析,1775份水稻种质被划分成3个类群,其中东北三省及北京和杭州的种质为类群Ⅰ,该群种质的始穗期、分蘖数及有效穗数等10个性状的遗传多样性较丰富,可为今后水稻种质资源创新及新品种选育提供优异种质。第Ⅱ类群仅包含宁夏种质,说明宁夏种质资源与其他省(市)的种质资源亲缘关系较远,可为今后拓宽水稻种质资源遗传基础起到重要作用。第Ⅲ类群包含河北、山东、云南、江苏及新疆种质,此类群种质谷粒长度的遗传多样性较丰富,可为今后水稻品质育种提供丰富的种质。
Rice germplasm resources are important foundation for rice genetic improvement and new variety breeding. The study of genetic diversity of rice germplasm resources plays an important role in broadening the genetic background of rice. In this study, genetic diversity analysis of 20 important agronomic traits of 1775 rice germplasm resources was carried out using multiple analysis methods.The results showed that the variation coefficients of agronomic traits varied considerably, ranging from 4.42% (grain thickness) to 89.75% (empty seed), and empty seed had richer genetic variation. And the changes in the genetic diversity index ranged from 1.585 (empty seed)~2.069 (heading date), with richer diversity in heading date. Through the separate analysis of germplasm from 11 provinces (cities),it was found that the germplasm from Jilin province had richer diversity in seven traits such as panicles per plant and spikelets per panicle;the germplasm from Yunnan province had richer diversity in four traits such as first heading date and panicle length; and the germplasm from Heilongjiang province had richer diversity in three traits such as heading date.The results of different types of germplasm showed that 11 traits were more abundant in landrace, such as flag leaf length and plant height; and the 9 traits were more abundant in advanced cultivar, such as growth stage traits and panicles per plant .The correlation analysis showed that 149 correlation coefficients reached the highly significant level (P<0.01), among which three growth stage traits had highly correlated with other agronomic traits , for example first heading date. Principal component analysis revealed that the first six principal components had a cumulative contribution of 79.309% and the trait related to growth stage had the highest contribution.Through cluster analysis,1775 rice germplasm were classified into three clusters. The germplasm from the three northeastern provinces as well as Beijing and Hangzhou was cluster I.The germplasm in this cluster was richer in genetic diversity for 10 traits, such as first heading date, tillering number, and panicles per plant, which can provide excellent germplasm for innovation of rice germplasm resources and the selection and breeding of new varieties in the future. ClusterⅡ contains only Ningxia germplasm, which indicates that the germplasm resources of Ningxia are distantly related to those of other provinces (cities), and can play an important role in broadening the genetic base of rice germplasm resources in the future. Cluster III contains Hebei, Shandong, Yunnan, Jiangsu and Xinjiang germplasm. The genetic diversity of grain length in this cluster is more abundant, which can provide abundant germplasm for rice quality breeding in the future.
金京花,李淑芳,赵亚东,等.