Wild Adzuki bean and sibling species serve as critical genetic resources, exhibiting strong resistance to diseases and pests, as well as high stress tolerance, making them valuable for breeding programs. However, due to the rapid urbanization and the impact of human activities, these resources are facing severe challenges and are on the brink of extinction. Therefore, there is an urgent need for systematic investigation rescue collection, and identification of these wild resources. The Liaoning region boasts a rich diversity of wild adzuki bean species and their relatives, but their population numbers, distribution patterns, and resource characteristics remain unclear. Therefore, systematic investigation and rescue collection of wild adzuki bean and sibling species are urgently needed in Liaoning province as a case study. This study conducted surveys and collections of wild adzuki bean and sibling species across 36 districts (counties) in 14 cities in Liaoning Province, resulting in a total of 262 accessions collected. The survey results indicate that wild adzuki bean are primarily distributed in central and eastern Liaoning, particularly in the coastal areas of eastern Liaoning, while adzuki bean sibling species are mainly found in western Liaoning. In addition, indoor artificial inoculation tests were conducted to evaluate the bruchid resistance of the collected wild adzuki bean and sibling species, identifying two highly resistant and one resistant wild adzuki bean accessions. The findings of this study provide important evidence for the conservation and utilization of rare and endangered resources of wild adzuki bean and sibling species in China, while also offering valuable germplasm resources for breeding adzuki bean resistant to bean weevils.