1.中南林业科技大学林学院经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,长沙410004;2.湖南省植物园,长沙410116
研究方向为经济林栽培与利用,E-mail: 3221969330@qq.com
袁 军,研究方向为经济林栽培生理,E-mail: yuanjun@csuft.edu.cn
湖南省林草繁育项目(202302)
1.Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees,Ministry of Education,College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004;2.Hunan Botanical Garden,Changsha 410116
Foundation project: Hunan Provincial Forest and Grass Breeding Project (202302)
以湖南山核桃核心分布区筛选获得的60份湖南山核桃优树果实为研究对象测定其果实经济性状,通过变异分析、聚类分析、主成分分析等方法对湖南山核桃果实经济性状进行遗传变异分析、类型划分和综合评价,并筛选获得综合表现优良的湖南山核桃种质,以期为湖南山核桃良种选育及综合利用提供参考。结果表明,湖南山核桃果实经济性状变异丰富,20个果实性状变异系数均值范围为5.42 %~35.05 %,其中亚油酸、亚麻酸、青皮厚和干仁重的变异程度较大。聚类分析表明湖南山核桃被分为3类,Ⅰ类果实的成熟期为9月上旬至9月下旬,呈扁圆形,果较小,种仁含油率最高,多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高;Ⅱ类果实的成熟期为8月下旬至9月中旬,呈圆形,果较大但其种壳和青皮较厚,单不饱和脂肪酸含量最高;Ⅲ类果实的成熟期为8月下旬至9月中旬,呈阔卵圆形,种壳较薄,干籽出仁率高。主成分分析表明前6个主成分的累计贡献率达87.85%,果实经济性状综合评价得分(F)介于-0.72~1.19,其中8号、15号、6号、7号和9号优树位居前列,综合性状优良;并通过单项性状表现筛选出青果最重的31号、青皮最薄的46号、种仁含油率最高的6号、油酸含量最高的16号和亚麻酸含量最高的11号。
60 Carya hunanensis germplasm resources were selected from the core distribution area of Carya hunanensis as the research object to determine their fruit economic traits, and the germplasm with excellent comprehensive performance was obtained by genetic variation, type division and comprehensive evaluation and screening of the economic traits of Carya hunanensis fruit by variation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, in order to provide a theoretical foundation for cultivar selection and utilization of Carya hunanensis germplasm resources.The results revealed substantial variation in fruit economic traits, with coefficients of variation ranging from 5.42% to 35.05% across 20 fruit economic traits. Notably, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, thickness of green skin and dry kernel weight exhibited particularly high variability. Cluster analysis delineated three distinct groups: group I, characterized by early to late September maturation, displayed flattened round fruits with smaller size but highest kernel oil content and elecated polyunsaturated fatty acid levels; group II, maturing from mid-August to mid-September, produced larger, round fruits with thicker shells and green skin, along with highest monounsaturated fatty acid content; group III, with a maturation period for late August to mid-September, featured broadly oval fruits with thinner shell and superior dry kernel yield. Principal component analysis identified six major components accounting for 87.85% of cumulative variance. The comprehensive evaluation scores (F) for fruit economic traits ranged from -0.72 to 1.19, with superior trees numbered No. 8, No. 15, No. 6, No. 7, and No. 9. Individual trait analysis revealed outstanding specimens, including No. 31 with the heaviest green fruit, No. 46 with the thinnest green peel, No. 6 with the highest kernel oil content, No. 16 with maximal oleic acid content, and No. 11 with the highest linolenic acid content.
倪金燕,李柏海,周俊琴,等.湖南山核桃种质资源果实经济性状分析与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2025,26(4):708-718.
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