1.中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室;2.湖南省植物园
湖南省林草繁育项目“山核桃种质资源收集评价与良种选育”(202302)
1.Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees,Ministry of Education,Central South University of Forestry and Technology;2.Hunan Botanical Garden
Hunan Provincial Forest and Grass Breeding Project "Collection and Evaluation of Hickory Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Improved Varieties" (202302)
测定分析60份湖南山核桃种质资源的果实经济性状,筛选获得综合表现优良的湖南山核桃种质,以期为湖南山核桃良种选育及综合利用提供参考资料。以湖南山核桃核心分布区筛选获得的湖南山核桃优树果实为研究对象,通过变异分析、聚类分析、主成分分析等方法对湖南山核桃果实经济性状进行遗传变异、类型划分和综合评价。结果表明:湖南山核桃果实经济性状变异丰富,20个果实经济性状变异系数均值范围5.42 %~35.06 %,其中亚油酸、亚麻酸、青皮厚度和干仁重的变异程度较大。聚类分析表明湖南山核桃被分为3类,Ⅰ类的果实成熟期为9月上旬至9月下旬,果实呈扁圆形,果较小,种仁含油率较高,多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高;Ⅱ类的果实成熟期为8月下旬至9月中旬,果实呈圆形,果较大但其种壳和青皮较厚,单不饱和脂肪酸含量较高;Ⅲ类的果实成熟期为8月下旬至9月中旬,果实呈阔卵圆形,种壳较薄,干籽出仁率高。主成分分析的前6个主成分的累计贡献率达87.85%,果实经济性状综合评价得分(F)介于-0.72~1.19 ,其中 8号、10号、6号、7号和9号优树位居前列,综合性状优良。
Comparative study of 60 Carya hunanensis germplasm resources of fruit economic traits, screening to obtain a comprehensive performance of excellent Carya hunanensis germplasm, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of good varieties of Carya hunanensis and the comprehensive use of the theoretical basis for your research. Taking the fruits of Carya hunanensis superior trees screened in the core distribution area of Carya hunanensis as the research object, the genetic variation, type classification and comprehensive evaluation of economic variation traits of Carya hunanensis fruits were carried out through the methods of variance analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and so on. The results showed that the economic traits of Carya hunanensis fruit were rich in variation, and the mean values of the coefficients of variation of 20 fruit economic traits ranged from 5.42% to 35.06%, among which linoleic acid, linolenic acid, thickness of green skin and dry kernel weight had greater degrees of variation.Cluster analysis showed that Hunan hickory was divided into three classes, group Ⅰ fruit maturity period for early to late September, the fruit was flat round, fruit smaller, seed kernel oil content is higher, higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content; group Ⅱ fruit maturity period for the second half of August to mid-September, the fruit was round, the fruit is larger but the seed shell and the green skin is thicker, the content of mono-unsaturated fatty acid is higher; group Ⅲ fruit maturity period for late August to mid-September, fruit was broad oval, seed shell is thinner, dry seed kernel yield rate is high. The ripening period of Class III fruits is from late August to mid-September, the fruits are broadly ovoid, the seed shells are thinner, and the kernel yield of dry seeds is high.The cumulative contribution of the first six principal components of the principal component analysis reached 87.85%, and the score of the comprehensive evaluation of fruit economic traits (F) ranged from -0.72 to 1.19, among which No. 8, No. 10, No. 6, No. 7, and No. 9 superior trees ranked at the top, with excellent comprehensive traits.