1.河南省农业科学院农作物种质资源研究所,郑州450002;2.河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002;3.农业农村部规划设计研究院,北京100125
研究方向为水稻种质资源鉴定与创新利用,E-mail:bbg.123@163.com
李晶晶,研究方向为农作物种质资源,E-mail: jingjingli206@126.com
曹言勇,研究方向为植物病理学,E-mail: yanyongcao@126.com
河南省农业科学院基础性科研工作项目(2024JC05)
1.Crop Germplasm Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002;2.Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002;3.Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125
Foundation project: Basic Scientific Research Projects of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2024JC05)
2021—2023年,河南省第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动办公室对省内128个县(市、区)开展了农作物种质资源的全面普查和征集工作,共普查到水稻种植县信息累计120条;征收集到水稻种质资源37份,并对其中33份的田间性状进行了调查鉴定。普查数据显示,河南省水稻呈现种植区域集中、种植面积增加、地方品种急剧减少的特征。征收集到的水稻种质资源主要分布在豫北稻区和豫南稻区,大部分分布在海拔50~100 m范围。河南省水稻种质资源中,粳稻多于籼稻,水稻多于陆稻,粘稻多于糯稻,香稻和有色稻分别占总资源数的27.27%和21.21%。资源表型变异丰富,多样性程度高,多表现为株高在100.1~120.0 cm之间,茎秆直立且长度在80.1~100.0 cm之间,叶鞘色和叶片色绿色,叶舌二裂,剑叶和倒二叶为直立型,剑叶长度在25.1~30.0 cm和41.0~45.0 cm之间,剑叶宽度在1.50~1.75 cm之间,穗抽出良好,穗型以中间型为主,穗长在15.1~30.0 cm之间,穗成熟后呈弯曲状,穗部二次枝梗多分枝,籽粒无芒,外颖黄色且有毛。综合表型性状筛选出息县香稻丸1号、三粒寸、菡香一号F11、毛铺软稻、黑香糯、绿米等6份优异水稻种质资源。本研究可为河南省水稻种质资源的有效保护和利用提供科学依据。
From 2021 to 2023, the Office of the Third National Crop Germplasm Resources Census and Collection Action in Henan province carried out a comprehensive survey and collection of crop germplasm resources in 128 counties(cities) in the Henan province, P.R. China. A total of 120 rice planting information were collected, 37 rice germplasm resources were collected, and 33 of them were investigated and identified. The rice planting in Henan showed some trends of concentrated planting area, increased planting area and sharp decrease of local varieties. The collected rice germplasm resources were mainly from the northern and southern Henan rice areas. 63.64% of them were planted at an altitude of 50-100 m. Phenotypic character identification showed that japonica rice was more than indica rice, lowland rice was more than upland rice, nonglutinous rice was more than glutinous rice, fragrant rice and colored rice accounted for 27.27% and 21.21% of the total resources, respectively. The phenotypic traits of resources were rich in diversity. Most germplasms showed that the plant height was between 100.1-120.0 cm, the culm was erect and length was between 80.1-100.0 cm, green leaf sheath color and leaf blade color, double-lobed ligule shape, erect flag leaf and last second leaf, the flag leaf length was 25.1-30.0 cm and 40.1-45.0 cm, the flag leaf width was 1.51-1.75 cm, well exserted panicle extraction, intermediate panicle type, the panicle length was 15.1-30.0 cm, curved shape of panicle after maturity, multiple branches of secondary branches in panicle, awnless grain, yellow and hairy glume. Based on the phenotype,six excellent rice germplasm resources were screened out , including Xixianxiangdaowan No.1, Sanlicun, Hanxiang No.1 F11, Maopuruandao, Heixiangnuo, Lvmi. In conclusion, this study would provide a scientific basis for the effective protection and utilization of Henan rice germplasm resources.
杨文博,秦子钰,马锦霞,等.河南省水稻种质资源调查收集与鉴定评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2025,26(4):633-645.
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