Brassica oleracea vegetables, a group of leafy crops encompassing cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, brussels sprout, and kale, face persistent challenges in production and breeding, including premature bolting and asynchronous flowering between two parents. Improving bolting resistance by molecular design breeding strategies holds significant promise. However, the genetic complexity underlying flowering regulation in B. oleracea is compounded by the diverse flowering mechanisms across subspecies and fragmented knowledge of associated regulatory genes. This review concludes optimal environmental conditions for flowering of B. oleracea vegetables and summarizes genes and variants for flowering pathways which are mainly involved in gibberellin pathway, vernalization, and photoperiodic responses on the basis of five main flower regulation pathways in higher plants. The prospect of the follow-up research on the regulation of bolting and flowering of cabbage vegetables is also suggested. A conceptual gene interaction network that integrates key regulators of bolting and flowering of B. oleracea vegetables is proposed, providing a valuable reference for improving bolting resistance of B. oleracea vegetables.