中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部粮食作物基因资源评价利用重点实验室,北京100081
研究方向为玉米抗病鉴定与抗性基因挖掘,E-mail : 15037780271@163.com
段灿星,研究方向为玉米抗病性与病害控制,E-mail : duancanxing@caas.com
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200700);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(01-ICS-02)
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
Foundation projects: The National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD1200700); Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (01-ICS-02)
玉米是世界上最重要的作物之一,我国玉米总产量占全国粮食总产量的41.5%。茎腐病严重危害玉米安全生产,降低玉米的产量和品质,增加机械化收获的难度,其致病菌产生毒素污染粗饲料,威胁牲畜安全。目前,国内外分离出了30余种茎腐病的真菌致病菌,其中镰孢菌和腐霉菌是我国最主要的致病菌类型。土埋法、伤根法、注射法和牙签法是进行玉米抗茎腐病鉴定较为常用的接种方法,从数千份玉米资源中鉴定出了一批具有优异抗性的种质。针对部分抗病材料进行了抗性遗传分析和基因定位研究,鉴定出了46个茎腐病抗性的位点。克隆出了ZmCCT和ZmAuxRP1两个与茎腐病抗性相关的基因并进行了机制解析。尽管如此,抗性研究用于生产实践的实例仍很少,生产上缺乏高产优质的抗茎腐病玉米品种。本文从玉米茎腐病致病菌的复杂性及地域分布特征、茎腐病毒素、抗茎腐病种质资源的鉴定、玉米对茎腐病的抗性遗传、抗性基因克隆与抗性机制解析等相关研究进行了总结,提出了一些当前面临的问题和对未来研究的展望,以期为玉米抗茎腐病研究提供参考。
Maize is one of the most important crops in the world. Its yield accounts for 41.5% of China′s gross grain yield. Stalk rot seriously destabilizes maize production, reducing both yield and quality, and complicating mechanized harvesting. Furthermore, the pathogens causing stalk rot produce mycotoxins that contaminate roughage forage and hazard the safety of livestock. Up to date, more than 30 fungal species causing maize stalk rot have been identified, among which Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. are predominant in China. Common methods for assessing maize resistance to stalk rot include soil inoculation, root injury method, drilling inoculation, and toothpick method. Several germplasm accessions with stable stalk rot resistance have been identified from thousands of resources. Genetic analysis and gene mining resulted in identification and mapping of 46 resistance loci. Two genes, ZmCCT and ZmAuxRP1, have been cloned and their mechanisms have been explored. There are still few examples of resistant maize varieties with high yield and quality cultivated widely in production. This article reviews the advances in maize stalk rot resistance research, such as pathogen diversity and regional distribution, mycotoxins, identification of resistant germplasm resources, resistance genetics, gene mining and cloning, and mechanism exploration. current problems and future prospects are proposed, aiming to provide a reference for further research on maize resistance against stalk rot.
张宇航,李帅,武文琦,等.玉米抗镰孢和腐霉茎腐病研究进展[J].植物遗传资源学报,2025,26(5):831-843.
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