Baoshan Municipality is located in the center of the origin of tea trees in the world, where the ancient tea tree resources are extremely rich, the city is also the core production area of Pu'er tea and Yunnan black tea, The study on the phenotype and biochemical component diversity of ancient tea tree resources in this area is of great significance for the full exploitation and utilization of excellent tea tree germplasm resources, the integration and protection of ancient tea tree resources, the construction of tea tree core germplasm and the breeding of new varieties of excellent tea trees. Through coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index (H'), difference analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the diversity level of quantitative and quality traits of 73 representative ancient tea tree resources in Baoshan City was analyzed. The results showed that the diversity index (H') of 23 quality traits is 4.135 ~ 4.277, the average diversity index is 4.234, the diversity index of 27 quantitative traits is 3.545 ~ 4.287, the average diversity index is 4.187, and 27 quantitative traits had the coefficient of variation of 7.88 % ~ 153.13 %, most of the traits showed extremely rich genetic variation; Correlation analysis of 27 quantitative traits showed that most of the traits showed significant or extremely significant correlation, and the traits were not independent of each other, but correlated with each other; Principal components analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of six principal components is 68.42 %, Among them, biochemical components, leaf and flower traits were the main factors of tea plant variation. The significance analysis of 21 quantitative differences of tea trees in different regions of Baoshan showed that 8 characteristics of tea leaf length, leaf area, number of vein pairs, amino acid, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, non-ester catechin and total catechin had the most significant differences, the ratio of leaf length and to width and Water extract had the least difference，These differences may be related to the elevation, landform, soil and climate of Baoshan. Cluster analysis revealed that 73 ancient tea tree resources were divided into 5 clusters based on 27 quantitative traits. The screening results of rare tea germplasm resources showed that: Among 73 accession representative ancient tea germplasm resources, there were 36 accession rare tea germplasms resources, Among them, 6 accessions were selected for high tea polyphenol germplasm resources (>35 %), 29 accessions were selected for high amino acid germplasm resources (>5 %) and 1accession was selected for low caffeine germplasm resource (?1.5). This study provided a scientific reference for the full exploitation and utilization of rare tea germplasm resources, the integration and protection of ancient tea germplasm resources, the construction of tea core germplasm and the breeding of new varieties of rare tea trees in Baoshan.