Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants and play an important role in maintaining normal physiological activities of plants. As a natural edible pigment, anthocyanins are of great significance in maintaining human health due to their strong antioxidant properties. As the second largest transcription factor superfamily in plants after MYB transcription factors, bHLH transcription factors play an important regulatory role in the synthesis of plant anthocyanins. This article reviews the biosynthesis pathways and regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanins, summarizes the structural characteristics of bHLH transcription factors, the main ways in which they participate in anthocyanin synthesis regulation, and the effects of light and hormones on their roles in anthocyanin accumulation. The aim is to lay a foundation for further research on anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation mechanisms, flower color regulation, horticultural plant breeding, ect.