In recent years, fungal diseases have been one of the key factors leading to the decline in crop yields. When plants are attacked by pathogenic fungi, their defense mechanisms primarily involve the complex regulation of disease resistance-related protein synthesis and post-translational modifications of proteins. Ubiquitination, as a post-translational modification of proteins, plays a crucial role in the regulation of the plant immune system. Recent research has revealed the multi-faceted roles of ubiquitination in plant immune responses, including the endocytosis, degradation, and signaling of pattern recognition receptors, as well as interactions with plant hormone signaling pathways. This article reviews the regulatory role of protein ubiquitination modification in plant immune responses, especially the investigation of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the plant's response to pathogen infection, and looks forward to future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the plant's inherent resistance regulation mechanism and the breeding of resistant varieties.