甘薯不同等级脱毒苗的光合特性、产量和品质比较研究
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江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所

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国家甘薯产业技术体系(CARS-10-GW);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2021384);国家作物种质资源库(NCGRC-2024-43)


Photosynthesis, yield and quality of different gradation virus-free seedlings of sweet potato varieties
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China Agriculture Research System-Sweetpotato(CARS-10);Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2021384);National crop germplasm resource centre(NCGRC-2024-43)

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    摘要:

    由脱毒组培驯化苗或原原种苗直接繁育大田种苗的甘薯脱毒苗生产技术已成为一种新的推广应用技术。为探明不同品种甘薯组培驯化苗和原原种苗的大田长势、产量和品质的差异,本研究以12个品种甘薯:红瑶、鸣门金时、高系14、胜利百号、玛莎莉、烟薯25、普薯32、济薯26、商薯19、金海美秀、蓉粉一号、宁紫薯4号的组培驯化苗和原原种苗为试验材料,通过光合指标等数据的测定,并对其进行方差分析、主成分分析和相关性分析,比较光合特性、产量和品质差异。结果表明:(1)光合特性方面,鸣门金时、胜利百号、宁紫薯4号和普薯32组培驯化苗的光合作用和光合色素含量均高于原原种苗,而商薯19组培驯化苗低于原原种苗。(2)鲜薯产量方面,鸣门金时、胜利百号和宁紫薯4号组培驯化苗的产量比原原种苗分别高30.95%、21.90%和14.67%,但商薯19的组培驯化苗的产量比原原种苗低10.42%。(3)鲜薯品质方面,宁紫薯4号、红瑶、玛莎莉和普薯32组培驯化苗的鲜薯品质(粗淀粉、可溶糖、粗蛋白)低于原原种苗;金海美秀组培驯化苗的粗淀粉含量高于原原种苗,但还原糖含量和可溶糖含量低于原原种苗;品种鸣门金时组培驯化苗的干物率高于原原种苗。(4)不同等级脱毒苗的光合、产量和品质相关性分析结果表明,组培驯化苗中只有水分利用率与干物率呈显著性负相关,原原种苗中净光合速率、水分利用率、羧化效率等参数对鲜薯品质都有显著性影响。本研究可为不同的甘薯品种的组培驯化苗和原原种苗的高效利用提供理论依据。

    Abstract:

    The production technology of sweet potato virus-free seedlings by directly breeding field seedlings from virus-free tissue culture seedlings or minituber seedlings has become a new promotion and application technology. In order to investigate the differences between tissue culture seedlings and minituber seedlings of different sweetpotato varieties.on field growth, yield and quality. 12 sweetpotato varieties of tissue culture seedling and minituber seedlings were used as experimental materials. The results show that: (1) Photosynthetic characteristics, Mingmenjinshi, Shenglibaihao, Ningzishu 4 and Pushu 32 tissue culture seedlings of photosynthetic activity and pigment content were higher than minituber seedling, while Shangshu 19 tissue culture seedlings were lower than minituber seedlings. (2) Fresh potato yield, Mingmenjinshi, Shenglibaihao and Ningzishu 4 tissue culture seedlings was respectively higher than minituber seedlings by 30.95%, 21.90% and 14.67%, but Shangshu 19 tissue culture seedlings was lower than minituber seedlings by 10.42%. (3) Fresh potato quality, Ningzishu 4, Hongyao, Mashali and Pushu 32 tissue culture seedlings of fresh potato (crude starch, soluble sugar, crude protein) were lower than minituber seedlings. Jinhaimeixiu tissue culture seedlings of crude starch was higher than minituber seedlins, but tissue culture seedlings of reducing sugar and soluble sugar were lower than minituber seedlings. Mingmenjinshi tissue culture seedlings of dry matter rate were higher than minituber seedlings. (4) The correlation analysis results of photosynthesis, yield and quality of virus-free seedlings of sweetpotato varieties showed that,only the water utilization rate and dry matter rate were negatively correlated of tissue culture seedlings, while the net photosynthetic rate, water utilization rate, carboxylation efficiency had significant effects on the fresh potato quality of minituber seedlings. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of tissue culture seedlings and minituber seedlings of different sweet potato varieties.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
  • 最后修改日期:2024-12-09
  • 录用日期:2024-12-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-01-22
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