1.宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所;2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BCF01010);农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-13);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(2024AAC02059)。
Project of Key Research and Development of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2023BCF01010); Agricultural High-quality Development and Ecological Protection Technology Innovation DemonstrationProject (NGSB-2021-13);Project of Natural Science Foundation in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2024AAC02059).
水稻直播具有省力、省工、成本低的生产特点,种植面积逐年扩大。水资源短缺是水稻生产面临的重要问题之一,开展水稻种质资源耐直播精准鉴定对我国水稻耐直播育种具有重要意义。由于作物田间耐直播性是一个复杂的数量性状,准确的表型鉴定是数量性状基因发掘和遗传基础研究的关键。如何精准开展水稻种质资源田间耐直播表型的鉴定一直是该领域的卡脖子难点,也是水稻直播育种工作者所关注的核心技术步骤。本文在前期系统的耐直播性研究基础上,通过多年对田间耐直播性鉴定体系的探索优化,总结制定了包括一般要求、整地、备种、播种、施肥、水层管理、病虫草害防治、苗期群体耐直播性调查与评价等全过程的操作规范和基本要求,为作物种质资源苗期田间耐直播性鉴定提供技术参考。该技术规程适用于西北地区每年春季(3月中旬- 6月下旬)的田间苗期耐直播性鉴定。
Rice of direct-seeding is characterized by labor-saving, labor-saving and low-cost production, and the planting area is expanding year by year.Water shortage is one of the most important problems in rice production.Accurate identification of direct seeding tolerance of rice germplasm resources is of great significance to direct seeding tolerance breeding in China. Direct-seeding resistance in the field is a complex quantitative trait. Accurate phenotypic identification is critical to discover the genes and explore genetic basis for quantitative trait. However, the accurate identification of direct-seeding resistance for rice germplasm in the field has consistently been a bottleneck for researcher and a core technical for direct-seeding resistance breeders. On the basis of systematic direct-seeding resistance research in the previous work, we also have spent many years exploring and optimizing the conditions for assessing direct-seeding resistance in the field. The standard technical regulations for evaluating direct-seeding resistance in the field were summarized and normalized. It included general requirements, land preparation before sowing, seed preparation, sowing, fertilization,water management, prevention of diseases, pests and weeds, and evaluation of direct-seeding resistance in the field at seedling stage. The regulations provided technical reference for identification of direct-seeding resistance in the field at seedling stage in rice or other crops. It was suitable for the resistance evaluation of rice to direct-seeding during the spring in northwest region (from mid-March tolate June).