1.西北农林科技大学;2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所资源中心;3.西北农林科技大学农学院
科技部国家重点研发计划-野生大豆种质资源抢救性收集与保护(2021YFD1200103)
1.Northwest Agriculture &2.Forestry University;3.Resource Center,Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing;4.College of agriculture,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University,Shaanxi Yangling
National key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology - salvage collection and protection of wild soybean germplasm resources(2021YFD1200103)
短绒野大豆(Glycine tomentella),属于大豆属(Glycine Willd.) Glycine亚属,为我国二级保护野生植物,分布于闽粤沿海地带及附近岛屿,是大豆育种的重要遗传资源。近年由于分布区域土地开发、除草剂滥用、环境变化等诸多因素导致短绒野大豆种群受到不同程度的影响,因此亟需明确其群落的植物组成及群落结构特征,为其原生境保护提供理论依据。本研究在闽粤沿海地带选取50个短绒野大豆植物群落,调查了255个样方(1m×1m)的物种组成、密度和高度等生态数据,分析群落物种多样性、种间关系和生态位特征。结果表明:(1)闽粤两省短绒野大豆群落的植物构成有明显差异。研究共记载48科138属166种植物,其中草本植物123种(占74.10%);福建省独有23科45属53种,广东省独有27科64属70种。两省共有的优势种仅有13个,主要优势种也有较大差异。(2)福建省群落物种种间关联程度高于广东省,各物种在样方水平上的分布更均匀。(3)广东省群落中白茅和狗牙根的生态位宽度远高于福建省;两省群落与短绒野大豆生态位重叠值较高的物种完全不同。这表明同一物种的生态位特征具有地域适应性。(4)总体和种间联结性分析、相关分析均表明,大部分种对呈现不显著负相关,各物种间相对独立,两省群落均处于不稳定状态。
Glycine tomentella, which belongs to Glycine subgenus of Glycine Willd., is a secondary protected wild plant in China. It is distributed in the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong and nearby islands. It is an important genetic resource for soybean breeding. In recent years, due toland development, the abuse of herbicides, environmental changes and many other factors in the distribution area, the population of G. tomentella has been affected to varying degrees. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the plant composition and community structure characteristics of the community, in order to provide theoretical basis for the protection of the original habitat of the species. In this study, 50 G. tomentella plant communities were selected in the coastal zone of Fujian and Guangdong. The ecological data of plant composition, plant density and average plant height of 255 quadrats (1m×1m) were investigated, and the species diversity, interspecific relationship and niche characteristics of the communities were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the plant composition of G. tomentella community between Fujian and Guangdong provinces. A total of 166 species belonging to 138 genera and 48 families were recorded, including 123 species of herbaceous plants (74.10%); There are 53 species belonging to 45 genera, 23 families unique to Fujian Province and 70 species belonging to 64 genera, 27 families unique to Guangdong Province. There are 13 dominant species shared between the two provinces, and the composition of the primary dominant species also exhibits considerable differences.(2) The interspecific association degree of the community species in Fujian Province was higher than that in Guangdong Province, and the distribution of species was more uniform at the quadrat level. (3) The niche breadth of Imperata cylindrica and Cynodon dactylon in Guangdong Province was much higher than that in Fujian Province; The species with higher niche overlap between the two communities are completely different. This indicates that the niche characteristics of the same species exhibit geographical adaptability. (4) The results of overall and interspecific association analysis and interspecific correlation analysis showed that most species pairs showed no significant negative correlation, and the species were basically independent, and the communities in the two provinces were in an unstable state.