环塔里木盆地桃地方品种资源考察与优异种质发掘
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中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所

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中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-ZFRI-01),国家园艺种质资源库(NHGRC),农业农村部物种保护项目 与利用项目


Investigation of Peach Local Variety Resources and Exploitation of Excellent Germplasm Around Tarim Basin
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China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Science and Technology Innovation Project (CAAS-ASTIP-2023-ZFRI-01), National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Bank (NHGRC), Species Protection and Utilization Project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

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    摘要:

    2014年至2024年先后15次对环塔里木盆地24个县的桃地方品种资源(以下简称“土桃”)进行了系统考察,主要集中在喀什、和田地区,其中喀什地区的莎车县分布着土桃最大实生群体。鉴定评价土桃种质资源313份,其中栽培种桃(P. persica L.)223份,新疆桃(P. ferganensis Kost.et Riab)76份,桃巴旦(Prunus. persica L.×P. communis Fritsch.或P. ferganensis Kost.et Riab× P. communis Fritsch.)13份。果实成熟期从7月上旬至11月上旬,果实类型包括普通桃262份、油桃50份和蟠桃1份。土桃种质果皮和果肉颜色有丰富的多样性,其中包括纯绿色、纯黄色、纯白色等,发掘了袖珍小油桃、和田绿皮桃、和田白玉桃、莎车绿皮油桃、叶城黄艾西1号、墨玉黄1号、黄棱桃、白棱桃等一批稀有珍稀、濒危种质。基本厘清了该区域土桃种质资源的分布状况和多样性水平,阐明了土桃生产利用现状,提出环塔里木盆地是迄今是我国地方品种多样性最为丰富区域,并筛选出一批可供生产应用的品种,为该区域土桃的保护与利用奠定了基础。

    Abstract:

    Abstract:‘native peach’is the popular name for the local varieties (lines, plants) in southern Xinjiang. From 2014 to 2024, we explored peach germplasm resources about15 times around Tarim Basin at 24 counties in South of Xinjiang, mainly in Kashgar and Wada etc. Among these counties, Yarkant County in Kashgar region has the largest nature population of native peach. A total of 313 [第一作者研究方向为桃种质资源与遗传育种研究,Email: wanglirong@caas.cn 通信作者:王力荣,研究方向为桃种质资源与遗传育种研究,Email: wanglirong@caas.cn 基金项目:中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-ZFRI-01),国家园艺种质资源库(NHGRC),农业农村部物种保护项目 与利用项目] peach germplasm resources were evaluated, including 223 accessiones belonged to P. persica L., 76 accessiones belonged to P. ferganensis Kost.et Riab and 13 Peach- Almond, which maybe the natural hybrid ppopulation between Prunus persica .and P. communis or P. ferganensis× P. communis. Ripen date are from early July to early November , fruit types include 262 peaches, 50 nectarines and 1 flat peach. The color of the skin and flesh are diversity, including pure green, pure yellow, pure white, etc. , some rare and endangered germplasm such as small nectarine, Hetian Green Tao, Hetian White Tao, Shache Green Tao, Yecheng Yellow No. 1, Moyu Yellow No. 1, Yellow-rowed Tao and White-rowed Tao were discovered. The distribution and diversity level of native peach germplasm resources in this region were basically clarified. The current situation of production and utilization of native peach was intoduced. It was suggested that aroud Tarim Basin was by far the most abundant region of local variety diversity in China, a number of varieties were screened out for commerical production and breeding program, which laid a foundation for the protection and utilization of native peach in this area.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-09
  • 最后修改日期:2025-01-21
  • 录用日期:2025-01-24
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