1.湖南科技大生命科学与健康学院;2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所;3.河北农业大学园林与旅游学院;4.凉山彝族自治州农业科学研究院;5.西藏农牧学院植物科学学院;6.西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所;7.张家界市农业科学技术研究所;8.湖南省作物研究所;9.湖南科技大学生命科学与健康学院
国家自然科学基金(32161143005)
1.College of Life Science and Health,Hunan University of Science and Technology;2.Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;3.Liangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Liangshan;4.Plant Sciences College,Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi;5.Agricultural Research Institute,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences;6.Zhangjiajie Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology;7.Crop Research Institute of Hunan Province
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, Key Program, Major Research Plan)
林芝市地处青藏高原东南部,属于高原温暖半湿润气候的山地河谷地貌,垂直海拔落差大,拥有丰富独特的野生苦荞资源。海拔变化带来的温度、湿度、气压和紫外线强度等一系列变化会引起植物形态和代谢物含量变化,为了探究野生苦荞功能性状随海拔的变化关系,中国农业科学院野生荞麦考察队于2023年10月对林芝市境内的野生苦荞种质进行调查采集工作,选取3100m、3300m、3500m、3700m和3900m五个海拔梯度,比较并分析野生苦荞籽粒形态差异和黄酮类代谢物含量变化。结果表明:随海拔升高,野生苦荞籽粒的千粒重、籽粒长、籽粒宽、籽粒直径、籽粒周长和籽粒面积先增后减,在海拔3700m处达到最大值并显著高于其他海拔梯度;不同海拔梯度的野生苦荞中黄酮类代谢物含量也存在显著差异:海拔3900m处野生苦荞中的芦丁和槲皮素含量显著高于其他海拔(p < 0.05),3700m处野生苦荞中槲皮素7-O-葡萄糖苷、原花青素B1和原花青素C1的含量最高,3500m处野生苦荞中原花青素的含量最高,3300m处的野生苦荞中山奈酚、矢车菊素、阿福豆苷和烟花苷含量最高。研究结果分析了不同海拔梯度下野生苦荞的分布丰度、籽粒性状以及黄酮类物质含量的差异,揭示了野生苦荞在适应生态环境方面的生理机制,为探究野生苦荞的适应性进化奠定了基础,同时也为荞麦的抗逆育种提供了思路。
Nyingchi City is located in the southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which belongs to the mountain valley landform in the warm and semi-humid climate of the plateau, with a large vertical elevation drop and rich and unique wild buckwheat resources. A series of changes in temperature, humidity, air pressure, and ultraviolet intensity brought about by altitude changes can cause changes in plant morphology and metabolite content. In order to explore the relationship between functional traits of wild buckwheat and altitude, the wild buckwheat germplasm collected by the wild buckwheat expedition team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Nyingchi City in October 2023 were investigated and collected, and five altitude gradients of 3,100m, 3,300m, 3,500m, 3,700m, and 3,900m were selected. To compare and analyze the morphological differences and flavonoid metabolite contents of wild Tartary buckwheat. The results showed that 1000-grain weight, grain length, grain width, grain diameter, grain perimeter, and grain area of wild Tartary buckwheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude, reaching the maximum at 3700m altitude and significantly higher than other altitude gradients. There were also significant differences in the content of flavonoid metabolites in wild Tartary buckwheat at different elevation gradients: The contents of rutin and quercetin in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3900m altitude were significantly higher than those at other altitudes (p < 0.05). The contents of quercetin 7-O-glucoside, proanthocyanidins B1 and proanthocyanidins C1 in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3700m altitude were the highest, and the contents of proanthocyanidins in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3500m altitude were the highest. The highest content of kaempferol, cyanidin, afodaside, and pyroside was found in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3300m. The results analyzed the differences in the distribution and abundance, seed traits and flavonoid content of wild buckwheat under different altitude gradients, revealed the physiological mechanism of wild buckwheat in adapting to the ecological environment, laid a foundation for exploring the adaptive evolution of wild buckwheat, and also provided ideas for breeding buckwheat to resist adversity.