武汉市农业科学院蔬菜研究所
国家园艺种质资源库运行服务(NHGRC2024-20); 农业农村部政府购买服务“水生蔬菜种质资源安全保存” (19240430);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-24)
Institute of Vegetable,Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
National Horticultural Germplasm Resource Repository Operation Service (NHGRC2024-20); Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Government Purchased Service "Safe Conservation of Aquatic Vegetable Germplasm Resources" (19240430);Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs: National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (CARS-24)
我国水生蔬菜主要包括莲、茭白、芋、荸荠、慈姑、蕹菜、菱、芡实、水芹、莼菜、香蒲、豆瓣菜等12类,在我国有着悠久栽培历史,是我国特色水生经济作物。国家水生蔬菜种质资源圃(武汉)长期从事水生蔬菜种质资源的收集、保存、评价与利用工作,目前已经成为世界上保存水生蔬菜种类、资源数量、生态型和类型最丰富的资源圃。截至2024年12月,资源圃收集保存国内外水生蔬菜种质资源3449份,建立了完善的保存体系,筛选出140份优异种质资源,推动了水生蔬菜基因组解析、遗传多样性和重要性状的分子标记等基础研究,有力促进了水生蔬菜新品种的选育、品种结构的优化和产业的可持续发展。本文总结和回顾了近20年来水生蔬菜资源圃种质资源收集保存现状,以及水生蔬菜种质资源创新利用所取得的进展,并对种质资源的收集、保存、鉴定评价及共享服务机制进行了展望,以期为未来我国水生蔬菜种质资源的保护和有效利用及产业发展提供参考。
China's aquatic vegetables mainly include 12 categories, such as lotus, water bamboo, taro, water chestnut, arrowhead, water spinach, water caltrop, gorgon eurgale, water celery, water shield, common cattail and watercress. They have a long cultivation history in China and are characteristic aquatic economic crops. The national aquatic vegetable germplasm resources repository (Wuhan) has long been engaged in the collection, conservation, evaluation and utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources and has become the richest resource repository in terms of the types, resource quantity, ecological types and forms of aquatic vegetables in the world. As of December 2024, the germplasm repository has collected and conserved over 3,449 accessions of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources from both domestic and international sources, establishing a comprehensive conservation system. A total of 140 elite germplasm resources have been identified. These efforts have significantly propelled fundamental research on the genome annotation, genetic diversity, and molecular markers of important traits in aquatic vegetables. They have also effectively promoted the breeding of new varieties, optimization of variety structure, and sustainable development of the aquatic vegetable industry. This paper summarizes and reviews the current situation of the collection and conservation of germplasm resources in the aquatic vegetable resource repository in the past 2 decades, as well as the progress made in the innovative utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources, and looks forward to the research directions regarding the collection, conservation, identification, evaluation, and sharing mechanisms of germplasm resources, in order to provide references for the conservation, the effective utilization and industrial development of China's aquatic vegetable germplasm resources in the future.