In the field of plant germplasm resource research， studies on core germplasm have always played a crucial role. This not only involves the collection of germplasm resources of key species such as crops， forest trees， flowers， and medicinal plants but also encompasses multiple aspects including the conservation， identification， evaluation， and application of these resources. Core germplasm research is of utmost significance for yield and quality improvement and stress resistance enhancement in crops. Additionally， it has an indispensable and far-reaching impact on the protection of plant species diversity and the formulation and implementation of sustainable development strategies. This article systematically reviewed the progress and construction strategies of plant core germplasm， focused on summarizing the latest progresses such as construction methods， construction achievements， and important applications， and prospected the future development trends of research in this field， with a view to providing references and insights for subsequent research.