Rubber trees ［Hevea brasiliensis （Willd.ex A.Juss.）Müll. Arg.］ originated in the Amazon basin of South America and were widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. It is the main source of natural rubber production and has important economic value. With the advent of the post genomic era， rubber tree breeding is facing unprecedented opportunities. Various omics technologies such as transcriptomics， genomics， proteomics， metabolomics， and phenomics are rapidly developing， opening up a broad research path for cultivating high-yield and multi resistant high-quality rubber tree varieties. Among them， transcriptomics， as one of the earliest developed and widely applied technologies， has shown great potential in rubber tree research. This article comprehensively reviewed the latest progress in transcriptomics research on rubber trees， with a focus on the application of this technology in key fields such as high-quality rubber tree materials， latex synthesis， wood formation， and stress response. Additionally， it critically examined the challenges faced by research institutions， including the incomplete data-sharing system for rubber tree germplasm resources， insufficient depth of disease research， relative scarcity of genomic resources， lagging integration of multi omics data， difficulties in gene function verification， and obstacles to the transformation of scientific research results. It proposes targeted future development directions aimed at promoting rubber tree breeding research and assisting the modernization and sustainable development of the rubber industry.