Jiazhuo， a tetraploid wheat landrace identified as an elite germplasm resource during Third National Census and Collection Action for Crop Germplasm Resources， was collected in Batang county， Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture， Sichuan province， China. Notably， it remains the only tetraploid wheat landrace collected in Sichuan in recent decades. In 2023， it was honored as one of China′s Top Ten Elite Crop Germplasm Resources and recognized as a newly discovered superior germplasm in Sichuan province. To elucidate its superior characteristics and application potential and facilitate its transition to breeding and industrial utilization， we conducted a systematic evaluation of its agronomic performance， quality traits， and genetic distinctions at both chromosome and molecular levels， in Jiazhuo and 9 tetraploid and 2 hexaploid wheat varieties. The results showed that： （1） Jiazhuo exhibited the highest grain number per spike （68.5 grains） and spikelets per spike （36 spikelets） among tested materials； （2） Its high grain number per spike did not compromise kernel weight， making it an excellent resource with coordinated expression of both high grain number per spike and kernel weight； （3） Jiazhuo displayed the lowest hardness index （17.0%） and vitreousness （62.0 N/cm2） among tetraploid wheats， and contained exceptionally high flavonoid content， with rutinum （2.63 mg/g） and quercetin （6.13 mg/g） concentrations 2 to 5 times higher than other ten tested materials； （4）Jiazhuo represented chromosomal structural variations on chromosomes 5A and 3B， and shared identical chromosome structure on 18 chromosomes with two cultivars Yuanwang and Yuan P except divergence on 4A， 5A， 7A， 3B， and 5B. （5） Based on 91 KASP and 38 SSR molecular markers， the 11 wheat clustered into two distinct groups （tetraploid vs. hexaploid）. Within the tetraploid wheat cluster， Jiazhuo grouped closely with Sichuan wheat landraces Yuan P， Yuanwang， and Jianyang Ailanmai， genetically confirming its classification as a local rivet wheat （Triticum turgidum ssp. carthlicum）.This study estimates that Jiazhuo wheat as a valuable tetraploid landrace in Sichuan characterized by high grain number per spike， elevated flavonoid content， low vitreousness， and reduced kernel hardness， serving as a key genetic.