In this study， a comprehensive survey and collection of foxtail millet germplasm resources were conducted across 11 prefecture-level cities and 105 county-level administrative regions in Shanxi province，China. Specialized investigation teams carried out systematic surveys and rescue collections in 30 counties （cities， districts） of these prefecture-level cities. The distribution of the collected foxtail millet germplasm resources was cataled and analyzed， and phenotypic identification was performed in the field. The results showed that a total of 406 foxtail millet germplasm resources were collected in this survey. The number of germplasm resources collected in the Jinzhong city was the highest， with 56 samples， accounting for 13.97% of the total resources， while only six samples of germplasm resources were collected in the Yangquan city. Genetic diversity analysis indicated that the coefficient of agronomic traits variation （CV） of foxtail millet germplasm resources ranged from 11.67% to 28.88%， and the mean Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 2.01. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between different traits ranged from -0.34 to 0.97. Principal component analysis showed that the first five principal components represented 77.707% of the total genetic variability. Using the membership function method， 11 elite accessions such as Zigenbai， Xiaohonggu， and Jiagu， were identified as superior genetic resources. These results indicate that foxtail millet in Shanxi harbors substantial genetic diversity， providing valuable germplasm for future breeding programs.