As a C4 crop with inherent stress tolerance， sorghum is widely cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide， playing crucial roles in food， feed， and bioenergy production. However， abiotic stresses， particularly such soil salinization，exacerbated by global climate change， increasingly threaten crop productivity and agricultural sustainability. Owing to its remarkable adaptability， sorghum has emerged as an important model for investigating salt tolerance mechanisms. This review systematically examines sorghum′s responses to salt stress， summarizing its adaptive strategies from both physiological and molecular perspectives. Physiological adaptations include maintaining ion homeostasis， accumulating osmoprotectants， activating antioxidant defense system， and modulating photosynthesis. Molecular aspects encompass recent advance in salt tolerance-related signaling pathways， the expression of functional genes， and regulatory networks. Finally， strategies for improving salt tolerance in sorghum germplasm are discussed. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and reference for future research on the salt tolerance mechanism and germplasm improvement in sorghum.