The MYB, bHLH, and WD40 transcription factors play central regulatory roles in higher plants, including in secondary metabolic pathways (such as anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis), epidermal cell morphogenesis (such as petal epidermal cell differentiation and trichome formation), and responses to environmental stimuli. Orchidaceae species exhibit diverse floral colors, rich floral scents, and specialized floral structures. These traits are crucial for attracting pollinators and ensuring reproductive success, and they also form the basis of the ornamental value and economic potential of orchids. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying floral color formation and floral scent biosynthesis in orchids. This review systematically summarizes recent research on the roles of MYB, bHLH, and WD40 transcription factors in the regulation of floral color and scent in orchids, with a focus on: (1) the secondary metabolic pathways involved in pigment biosynthesis and volatile compound production; and (2) the molecular mechanisms by which the MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex regulates floral pigment and scent metabolism. This work aims to provide theoretical support and guidance for elucidating the molecular basis of integrated floral traits in orchids and for the molecular improvement of their ornamental characteristics.