1.海南大学热带农林学院;2.中国农业大学农学院;3.崖州湾国家实验室;4.中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院
海南省重点研发项目-海南热带优质好米筛选与应用推广(ZDYF2024KJTPY001);海南省科技人才创新项目-全球水稻种质资源收集和创新利用(KJRC2023A01);农业农村部种业提升工程精准鉴定
1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University;2.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University;3.Yazhouwan National Laboratory
Hainan Provincial Key R&D Project-Screening and Application Promotion of High-Quality Tropical Rice in Hainan (ZDYF2024KJTPY001);Hainan Provincial Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project - Collection and Innovative Utilization of Global Rice Germplasm Resources(KJRC2023A01);Precision Phenotyping and Genotyping within the Framework of the Seed Industry Enhancement Initiative of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
野生稻具有丰富的遗传多样性和优异的环境适应性,是水稻遗传改良的宝贵基因源。稻瘟病已被中华人民共和国农业农村部列为《一类农作物病虫害名录》,挖掘并利用优异抗性资源培育广谱抗性品种是防控稻瘟病最经济且高效的策略。本研究利用来自四川省、重庆市、贵州省、江西省、云南省、湖北省和江苏省的42个稻瘟病优势生理小种,对来自广东省、海南省和广西壮族自治区的1018份普通野生稻种质资源进行稻瘟病抗性鉴定。结果表明,对西南混菌(四川省、贵州省及重庆市)表现抗病(R)的材料有88份,中抗(MR)材料34份,中感(MS)材料124份,感病(S)材料772份。之后对西南混菌具有抗性的122份野生稻材料分别接种不同的生理小种后发现,59份表现为对湖北B27菌种抗病,占48.4%;73份表现为对江西混菌抗病,占59.8%;对云南Q12菌种表现抗病的有107份,占87.7%;对江苏C62菌种表现抗病的有102份,占83.6%。最终,经过多轮筛选,确定了59份对42个稻瘟病优势生理小种均具有广谱抗性的种质资源,其中包括广东野生稻45份,广西野生稻5份及海南野生稻9份,且进一步发现海南野生稻广谱抗性比例(22.0%)高于广东(5.1%)及广西野生稻(5.4%)。这些具有广谱抗性的野生稻种质资源为水稻稻瘟病的抗性研究和育种提供了重要的种质基础和材料支撑。
Common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.), distinguished by exceptional genetic diversity and outstanding environmental plasticity, constitutes an invaluable gene reservoir for the genetic improvement of cultivated rice. Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) is listed in the List of Class I Crop Diseases and Pests issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Harnessing elite resistance sources to breed broad-spectrum resistant cultivars represents the most cost-effective and sustainable strategy for managing this pathogen. Here,1018 O. rufipogon Griff.accessions collected from Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi were systematically screened against a panel of 42 predominant M. oryzae physiological races originating from Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Hubei and Jiangsu. When challenged with the Southwest composite inoculum (races pooled from Sichuan, Guizhou and Chongqing), 88 accessions exhibited resistance (R), 34 moderate resistance (MR), 124 moderate susceptibility (MS) and 772 susceptibility (S). Subsequent race-specific assays on the 122 resistant accessions revealed that 59 (48.4 %) conferred resistance to Hubei isolate B27, 73 (59.8 %) to the Jiangxi race mixture, 107 (87.7 %) to Yunnan isolate Q12 and 102 (83.6 %) to Jiangsu isolate C62. Iterative screening against all 42 races ultimately identified 59 accessions displaying broad-spectrum resistance, comprising 45 from Guangdong, 5 from Guangxi and 9 from Hainan. Notably, the proportion of broad-spectrum resistant accessions was significantly higher in Hainan (22.0 %) than in Guangdong (5.1 %) or Guangxi (5.4 %). These precisely characterized, broad-spectrum resistant wild rice resources provide an indispensable genetic foundation for future blast-resistance research and breeding.
