To identify and evaluate the phenotypic trait genetic diversity of 200 ancient tea tree germplasms in Lincang, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to study the genetic diversity of their phenotypic traits. The results showed that 28 qualitative traits exhibited rich variation degrees in the tested germplasms, and the genetic diversity indices of each trait had significant differences, ranging from 0.056 to 1.106, with an average genetic diversity index of 0.670. The coefficient of variation of 14 quantitative traits ranged from 5.03% to 34.30%, with an average of 20.97%. Correlation analysis indicated that most phenotypic traits had significant or extremely significant correlations. Principal component analysis extracted 14 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 70.97%, which mainly reflected the characteristics of the main vein hair, back hair, petiole hair, petal color, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf size and petiole length of tea trees. When the Euclidean distance was 20, the 200 ancient tea tree germplasms in Lincang could be divided into 4 major groups. Cluster analysis did not completely follow the geographical distribution, but mainly relied on the genetic diversity characteristics of phenotypic traits. The research results indicated that the phenotypic variation of ancient tea tree germplasms in 8 counties (districts) of Lincang was rich, and the genetic diversity level was high, showing good potential for tea tree breeding.This research provides a basis for the protection and sustainable utilization of the ancient tea tree resources in Lincang.