Abstract: Soybean is an important grain and oil crop in the world, and the study of genetic diversity of its germplasm resources is very important for breeding work. In this study, 2205 domestic and foreign soybean germplasm resources were used as the research object. Through three consecutive years of field experiments, the genetic diversity and variation of 20 phenotypic traits were systematically analyzed and comprehensively evaluated, aiming to provide theoretical basis for screening and breeding utilization of excellent germplasm. The results showed that the variation coefficient of quality traits ranged from 12.30 % to 64.35 %, and the variation of seed coat color was the largest. The genetic diversity of pod color, navel color and lodging was rich ( diversity index > 1 ). The coefficient of variation of quantitative traits ranged from 5.18 % to 52.67 %. Among them, the variation of protein content, fat content and growth days was small, the inheritance of traits was relatively stable, and the variation of effective branch number, seed number per plant, bottom pod height and effective pod number was rich. The genetic diversity index of quantitative traits was high, ranging from 1.89 to 2.09, showing rich phenotypic genetic diversity. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant or extremely significant correlations among several important traits, but the correlation between quality traits and most quantitative traits was weak. The test materials were divided into four groups by cluster analysis : the first group was high protein and strong lodging resistance ; class II early-maturing dwarf ; class III high yield, long growth period ; class IV had high yield, high protein, rich seed coat color, but weak lodging resistance. Seven principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 73.51 %. The first three principal components covered growth period and yield formation, yield and quality, seed characteristics and yield-related traits.Based on the membership function and principal component weight, the comprehensive score ( F value ) of 2205 company germplasms was constructed. According to the F value, the top 50 germplasms with the best comprehensive performance were selected, of which 49 belonged to group IV and 1 belonged to group II. The F value was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) or extremely significantly ( P < 0.01 ) correlated with most traits except flower color and pod color, which verified its effectiveness as a comprehensive evaluation index. In this study, the phenotypic genetic diversity of 2205 soybean germplasm resources was systematically analyzed, and the breeding and utilization direction of various groups of resources was clarified. The comprehensive evaluation model constructed provided an important theoretical basis and material support for the efficient screening of core excellent germplasm resources and the directional cultivation of new soybean varieties to meet different needs.