To elucidate the genetic diversity of the main agronomic traits in existing exotic sugar beet varieties.In this study, 127 exotic sugar beet varieties were used as experimental materials. Genetic diversity analysis was conducted on 19 agronomic traits. The relationships among various agronomic traits of foreign sugar beet varieties were explored through correlation analysis, and excellent sugar beet varieties were screened according to the results of cluster analysis. The genetic diversity indices of the 12 qualitative agronomic traits range from 0.5188 to 1.2689, demonstrating substantial diversity variation. The coefficients of variation for the 7 quantitative agronomic traits range from 9.40% to 83.9%, with the incidence of root rot exhibiting the highest coefficient of variation. Correlation analysis reveals a significant positive correlation among crown size, root length, and root width in sugar beet varieties, while a highly significant negative correlation is observed between disease incidence and the number of vascular bundles. Cluster analysis results demonstrate that the 127 accessions can be classified into four groups: Group I comprises sugar beet varieties with high sugar content, Group II includes varieties with both high yield and sugar content, Group III contains varieties with the highest root yield, which can be widely promoted as high-yield sugar beet cultivars based on geographical conditions.Beet varieties in Group Ⅳ exhibited lower root yield and sugar content compared with the other three groups, showing no distinct advantages. The results of this study provide a valuable reference for understanding the phenotypic genetic diversity of exotic sugar beet varieties and further screening high-quality varieties with high yield and high sugar content. classification, and breeding should be carried out to effectively improve the breeding efficiency.